Margins: Meaning of Life and Frazier Essay

In Ian Frazier’s paper, â€Å"In Praise of Margins†, the creator discusses his youth life and how he had â€Å"margins† where he and his companions would get things done and nothing would matter since they wouldn’t care. â€Å"Marginal† thought is important on the grounds that it permits grown-ups to utilize their creative mind. His motivation is to attempt new exercises without disgrace; it’s the spontaneous that characterizes edge. I contemplate peripheral movement is far reaching and relatable. At the point when we consider edges, we think about the additional room on the edge of the paper that we can’t work out of. Be that as it may, peripheral has another significance to it which has to do with the financial world and how we work with edges throughout our life, for example, individual encounters. Minimal space is vital to the transitioning procedure in each person’s life whether we share similar exercises or not. Despite the fact that it’s difficult to stick call attention to it yet minimal spaces are expected to escape from everyone’s present issue in regular day to day existence. I concur and accept with Frazier when he is discussing the significance of minimal in light of the fact that the facts demonstrate that edges now and then don't come out the manner in which you need it to be, nothing or no one is great and there are continually something demolishing the ideal second that we as a whole have or need. Peripheral act take such a high esteemed significance as per Frazier on the grounds that the spots and exercises that he found through his youth is something that has been lost previously and furthermore in numerous social orders, particularly the monetary society. As indicated by Frazier, he included, â€Å"†¦the edge is the place you can evaluate thoughts that you may be hesitant to admit to with individuals looking on. † (7) This is a significant idea to anyone’s life. One person’s minimal space can unique in relation to another person’s as long as it is an action where the individual departures from the real world. In a monetary society, time is viewed as cash and Frazier’s movement of sitting on a tree for a considerable length of time is more on the lines of self-destructive, in financial society’s terms. Frazier concurred that he felt futile at the hour of simply sitting yet as he became more established, the pointless time of looking off transformed into something hallowed towards him. The sitting in the tree gave him recollections and something to think about back. It happened upon me when I took my nephews out to the ice arena at the Christmas in the Park; I understood in the event that I never done this I would have passed up what characterized me starting today. Despite the fact that it’s all pointless fooling around I realize that it’s one of the exercises you can do every so often that can remove you from your pressure and occupied day way of life. Reflection can't occur when there is nothing to think back on. There are consistently recollections that others have whether it be fortunate or unfortunate. It may be their first time driving or their first time swimming. Any memory is something somebody can reflect back onto to see what their identity is and to perceive how they arrived at the spot they are currently. The monetary society consistently continues proceeding onward and considers the future, while individuals need time to center and think back from where they originated from. On the off chance that somebody continues running straight with their heads down, they may get far yet inevitably, they will get lost. So as to remain on target and know where you’re heading, on occasion the individual needs to think back to see where they began from. Know where you are is the most significant thing to knowing what your identity is and Frazier understood the extraordinary significance of that. Frazier’s pointless â€Å"marginal† movement, for example, just doubtlessly sitting drew out the significance of simply doing things not to increase a benefit yet to pick up something to ponder. When Frazier was more youthful, he had his own negligible spot and would consistently go out to â€Å"the woods†; it was his â€Å"part-time address, goal, reason, and excuse† (1). While Frazier went around chancing upon hedges and branches, slipping and sliding through thick earthy colored soil; I was ice skating at the ice field, jump scotching, and playing house. All through my youth, I devoted various hours in the freezing cold ice field at the nearby shopping center, bounce scotched afterschool with my neighbors, and played house on the ends of the week with my cousins. These exercises may sound run of the mill as a kid however it had a noteworthy significance towards me. It was my motivation to develop upon these minimal encounters. At long last, the only thing that is in any way important is having the option to liberate your psyche from something that you free yourself from thinking about what others think. What's more, I accept that I achieve my minimal action as a youngster, through each fall and wounds that I got while ice skating, I couldn’t care less about what others needed to state about me since I realized that each time I got up it’ll just make me a superior skater at long last. In spite of the fact that changes happened and I became out of the peripheral demonstrations, concurring with Frazier’s acknowledgment, â€Å"†¦and unexpectedly there was nothing up there for us. † (4) The fervor of skating on the slipping virus ice with no disgrace of fizzling must be done as a minor demonstration, since I can no longer glance at the arena a similar way I did when I was more youthful. Nor would i be able to play jump scotch the manner in which I did, bouncing starting with one box then onto the next resembles moving between different classes today. Rather than playing house with my cousins, we became undergrads searching for a steady activity that can bolster our training. I concur with Frazier that the â€Å"remember whens† truly does floundered and â€Å"playing† time doesn’t need to end here. In spite of the fact that edges should be possible distinctively and taken a gander at in an unexpected way, negligible is vital for an individual of any age to give free access request to defeat the weight and worries of regular day to day existence. Frazier’s negligible exercises comprised of breaking ice, climbing trees, and picking natural products. My minimal exercises comprised of ice skating, jump scotching, and playing house. Negligible exercises may differ from being dynamic in a game, voyaging, singing or maybe in any event, appreciating a film night on the lounge chair; before the day's over peripheral exercises is important so as to liberate yourself from the strains of regular daily existence.

Teen parenting Essay Example For Students

Youngster child rearing Essay Can The Police Shoot To Kill A Fleeing Burglar I in like manner disagree with the police shooting to murder an escaping thief, in such a case that that was the situation, at that point each robber will be dead for attempting to take something in the event that they are gotten by a cop. In this way, if a cheat attempts to take a pack of gum from a store and gets captured by a cop, does that imply that the hoodlum is taking a chance with his life for a pack of gum and will wind up dead for that. On the off chance that that is the situation that a cop can shoot an escaping thief then everybody from the age 14 and up will wind up dead for fleeing from a cop. What I dont comprehend is that, why cant a police officer pursue or drive after an escaping thief when he/she is running from the police. The police are given firearms for an explanation and that is to shield themselves from others attempting to hurt them. E. (Medication Abuse Resistance Education), which additionally manages social weights for sexual movement. Instruction on sexual action ought not exclusively be educated by school programs, yet in addition by good examples, network individuals/administrations and guardians. Good examples make a major effect upon childrens lives. Good examples rehearsing and indicating protected and solid ways of life will assist kids with building more grounded ethics and qualities to figure out what is correct and what's going on. Instruction through the network can be picked up as a rule at no expense from neighborhood holy places and other network organizations, for example, Planned Parenting. Guardians assume the most urgent job in the anticipation of youngster pregnancy. Guardians conversing with their kids, instructing them, and encouraging them viable ethics can forestall teenager pregnancy. The people group and government workplaces can have an impact by giving free contraceptives, data, and regenerative advising for the battle against teenager pregnancy. List of sources: .

Religious Worldviews

Section One: Hindu Worldview (Pantheistic) 1. The Question of Origin †In a Hindu Worldview the topic of root would be pantheistic in nature. A Hindu would accept that they have consistently been in presence and everything is a piece of god. God is viewed as an unoriginal power of nature and this power is in all things and encompasses everything. One can just get away from this power through the procedure of rebirth and to get one with all the fixings. 2. The Question of Identity †In a Hindu Worldview life is viewed as a sacrosanct piece of nature. Man’s soul is viewed as unceasing until he in the end arrives at a province of Nirvana. Around then they will get one with Brahman. The objective is to carry out enough beneficial things so when you bite the dust you will return in a higher life structure until you arrive at Nirvana. 3. The Question of Meaning/Purpose †In a Hindu Worldview life is to be seen as a deception just as one was living in a fantasy and life around them doesn't generally exist. The objective is to get this with the goal that you may end the pattern of resurrection and rise to a territory of Nirvana. 4. The Question of Morality †In a Hindu Worldview god is in all things and everything is in god. This conviction will oversee how man treats everything and everybody around them. It is at last one’s own choice to figure out what is correct and what's up. 5. The Question of Destiny †In a Hindu Worldview one would accept that one’s karma decides how you will return in the following life. On the off chance that an individual has great Karma they will arrive at a more significant level upon resurrection. On the off chance that one has terrible Karma they will come back to a lower level, or as a creature upon resurrection. The objective is to arrive at Nirvana. Section Two: Christian Worldview (Theistic) . The Question of Origin †A Christian accepts that God exists and that God consistently has been and consistently will be. With this presupposition a Christian accepts that he was made by God and that everything that exists was made by God. Though a Hindu accepts that everything has consistently existed and is a piece of god. 2. The Question of Identity †A Christian accepts that since he was made by a Sovereign God he is a unique formation of God. God made people just lower than heavenly attendants and in His picture. God set the obligation of thinking about His creation in the hands of people. Hindus accept they are a piece of everything in nature and the objective is to get one with Brahman. 3. The Question of Meaning/Purpose †A Christian accepts that their motivation is to know God. A Christian is to have an important relationship with the one genuine God. A Hindu accepts that their motivation is to end the pattern of resurrection and arrive at a territory of Nirvana. 4. The Question of Morality †A Christian accepts that the guide for moral living is the Bible. Good and bad depend on God’s blessed norm and not on man’s own point of view. A Hindu accepts that they oversee what is good and bad. 5. The Question of Destiny †A Christian accepts that by tolerating or not tolerating Jesus Christ as their relish figures out where one will go through this existence in the afterlife. By tolerating Jesus Christ as ones friend in need they will spend endlessness in Heaven where they will be within the sight of God until the end of time. In the event that one denies Jesus Christ they will spend endlessness in damnation always isolated from God. A Hindu puts stock in rebirth and Karma. Positive or negative karma will decide in what structure they will return upon resurrection. The objective is to arrive at Nirvana.

Customer Service Policies Essay

Research has demonstrated that there are various zones of client care that are a need for individuals. Specifically, conveyance, practicality, data, polished skill and staff demeanor are esteemed significant. Parts of these key territories incorporate a brief introductory contact with the client and the capacity to keep to concurred timescales, arrangement of precise and point by point data with customary improvement refreshes, keeping guarantees and managing issues and issues in an expert and convenient way. All through all contact with clients, staff should plan to address their issues through expert, obliging and proficient help. Staff will: * approach all clients with deference and politeness; * tune in to what clients need to state; * customize administration to the necessities and conditions of each assistance client where useful; * consistently do what they state they will do, or update the suitable individuals instantly if things change, offering a clarification for the change; * react to enquiries immediately and productively; * counsel clients about their administration needs Client care is an organization’s capacity to flexibly their customers’ needs and needs. Fantastic client assistance is the capacity of an association to continually and reliably surpass the customer’s desires. Tolerating this definition implies extending our contemplating client care; if we’re going to reliably surpass customers’ desires, we need to perceive that each part of our business affects client assistance, not simply those parts of our business that include eye to eye client contact. Improving client support includes making a guarantee to realizing what our customers’ needs and needs are, and creating activity designs that execute client cordial procedures. Talmac delay policy| If your airplane stays on the landing area no later than two hours subsequent to leaving the entryway for a takeoff, or contacts down after an appearance, we will give food and consumable water from the ordinary on board cooking. While the airplane stays on the landing area, clinical consideration will be given if needed.| Customer administration plan| Our staff is devoted to guarantee consistently a sheltered and pleasant journey.| Flights delays| Will give clients at the air terminal and locally available a postponed airplane with auspicious and visit reports in regards to the deferral, starting 30 minutes after we become mindful of such a delay.| Essential client needs during phenomenal delays| On exceptionally uncommon events ,unprecedented occasions may bring about extensive installed delays ;for this situation we will put forth sensible attempts to guarantee that your basic needs, for example, food, water, bathroom offices, and fundamental clinical help are met.| Cancelling reservation policy| A booking might be dropped on the web or through the organization call focus inside 24 hours of ticketing, for a full refund.| Assistance if there should be an occurrence of deferred flights arrangement | Our organization will take all the sensible estimates important to keep away from delays on conveying you and your things. On the off chance that a flight is being dropped, or postponed by five hours or more, neglect to stop at your place of visit or goal, you can pick one of the three cures set up below:1. We will convey you when we can to the goal appeared on your ticket, without charging you extra.2. Giving you or get for you an automatic toll discount , without charging you extra.3. Giving you extra help ,, for example, remuneration ,refreshments and other consideration .| Baggage delivery| if your handled packs don't show up on your flight ,we will put forth sensible attempts to guarantee that the sack is come back to you inside 24 hours.| Baggage liability| Liability for lost, harmed or postponed things is 1,131 Special Drawing Rights(SDR) per passenger.| Ticket refunds| Foe all tickets and administrations bought from our organization with a Visa or money, discounts will be g iven inside 7 business long periods of receipt of the necessary discount data. | Accommodation of clients with unique needs| We give travelers incapacities and all other uncommon needs noble, proficient and respectful help and legitimate settlement consistently ,counting during long landing area delays.| Flights with oversales| If at takeoff time a bigger number of clients with affirmed reservations are available than there are seats accessible, entryway specialists will initially request volunteers who are eager to surrender their seats in return for remuneration and an affirmed seat on a later flight.| Lowest toll accessibility | Customers calling our booking office or visiting our ticket workplaces or counters to buy a ticket for a particular day and time will be offered the most reduced charge accessible through our organization, selective of Internet just fares.| Purposes behind Customer Service Policy Creating client assistance approaches are the existence blood of any business. Despite the fact that client approaches are exceptional to every business ,there are still some core values that all companies ought to embrace. Fruitful client assistance arrangements are guided by the accompanying standard: recognizing what your clients need and conveying on it .Having just an obscure thought of what clients need implies there can be no solid approach set up for when issues or misconstruing emerge. Comprehending what clients need will likewise prompt right business choices. So as to be serious ,all organizations must have exceptional client assistance practices and approaches. Client arrangements and relationship gauges ought to be a piece of your statement of purpose, neither accepting unsatisfactory or special treatment over representatives, contractual workers ,or even partners. Giving extraordinary client assistance is an incredible advance in building a relationship with your customers. The more prominent the relationship you create ,the more probable it is that your customer will turn into an evangelist for your image and your association. Client assistance division need approach to gauge their prosperity. Representatives can’t hope to give your concept of extraordinary assistance in the event that they don’t recognize what that implies. In the book Award-Winning Customer Service, Renee Evenson composes ‘’Before you can anticipate that the individuals in your association should give remarkable client support ,they need to realize how to give extraordinary client service.’’ Arrangements set assistance rules and train workers. Clients request to be dealt with like their cash matters .Having an approach is a pre-imperative to business. Simply giving a body in a store to address questions or having enough staff in a call community to answer calls rapidly will go unnoticed. A client assistance arrangement is an approach to structure a standard to go past desires. A client assistance strategy is an apparatus to offer direction to workers on the most proficient method to request data from clients to improve items. Train your staff to be issue solvers and to consolidate up-offer strategies to benefit from the entryways they’ve open by offering extraordinary assistance.

Introduction on Religion Religion is an important Essays

Presentation on Religion is a significant perspective on investigations of early psychological wellness practice. Religion is essential to the same number of as 75% of the populace, progressively significant and applicable with individuals more than 65 years old and more established (Richards and Bergin, 1997). Religion assumes a crucial job on more seasoned grown-ups, it turns out to be a piece of their character and character (Koenig, Siegler George, 1989). As per Koenig (1989), religion fuses individuals' customs, convictions, and works on relating to the otherworldly. Which implies, these convictions identifies with the extraordinary and mysterious components of the world (Koenig, Siegler George, 1989). Religion is constantly rehearsed inside a network, gathering, or faction. Religion is frequently composed and it joins convictions, rules and guidelines on the great beyond. Religion is novel one might say that ties individuals in a network, who share similar convictions and estim ations in solidarity. Religion could be estimated relating the psychological, physical, and enthusiastic results with people who are devotees of the extraordinary world. Presentation on Spirituality is viewed as progressively autonomous and open unreservedly to general society. In contrast to religion, not sorted out. It doesn't keep the Bible for rules, guidelines, for example, the Ten Commandments. Everybody has their own one of a kind and uncommon translation of what otherworldliness intends to them. Considered ambiguous by numerous specialists in light of the fact that the importance of otherworldliness is continually evolving. Otherworldliness is assorted on the grounds that it doesn't just relate to a confidence in one God, it could identify with having a thankfulness for nature, for example, trees as a profound excursion. Numerous individuals have confidence in various parts of existence in the wake of death. In certain societies, sun, downpour, ponies and pigs are considered genuine. Overall, it appears as though in the present age, individuals feel more connected with otherworldliness than religion since they feel like it's to a greater degree a judgment free zone. You don't need to follow rules, rules and guidelines to carry on with your life, the manner in which you need to live it. Varieties of Religion StudyA exhaustive research study made by Walker et al, inside this investigation he followed a look into technique with senior occupants. The staff was involved from various strict associations and from 13 offices, in which long haul care was given. A study was led with this analyst. The primary gathering that Walker et al concentrated on was understanding religion from the Jewish discernment. The Jewish occupants all had a place with a similar gathering place, in which the overview was led. The primary undertaking offered was to recognize 35 words that fuses what Judaism actually intends to every individual. The five strict words that were rehashed in the examination were: Torah, legacy, social activism, Ten Commandments, and faith in one God. The Jewish inhabitants characterized otherworldliness as a profound association with God. The five strict words that were rehashed in the investigation for otherworldliness were: association with God, acknowledging different convictions, understanding establishment of life following death, and contemplation (Walker et al. August Spirituality and the Elderly: Survey of Staff and Residents From Long-Term Care Facilities, 1998).The second gathering Walker et al concentrated on was Christianity with Christian inhabitants all over the age of 65. These inhabitants were advised to think of 23 words that best portrayed Christianity. All in all talking, they couldn't effectively go to a gathering accord. Rather the gathering put all their emphasis and consideration on the undeniable staple of Christianity. They all perceived that Christ was conceived, kicked the bucket, at that point became aliv e once again. Second idea they exhibited as a gathering, so as to live fruitful, live through Christ, one must show parts of adoration and show empathy for the less tragic by accomplishing good cause work. The third idea they've all concurred that one must have an individual relationship and with Christ. That just methods one must implore day by day and read sacred texts of the good book. Christianity vigorously depends on the holy book for inspirational statements, to adhere to fundamental guidelines and guidelines of book of scriptures sections as a manual for live more beneficial ways of life (Walker et al. August Spirituality and the Elderly: Survey of Staff and Residents From Long-Term Care Facilities, 1998).The third gathering Walker et al concentrated on was the view of religion and otherworldliness with Caucasians. These inhabitants promptly spoke with each other, verbally. They concocted a

How Competition Affects Your Brain

How Competition Affects Your Brain We all might have at different stages in our lives encountered people who can be described as ‘born competitors’.It could be that colleague hell-bent on beating everyone else on the quarterly sales targets, that classmate who will stop at nothing to top the class in a favorite subject, or even a sibling that wants to outdo the rest in all sorts of family engagements.While this might give the impression that there are some people who are naturally competitive and others who are not, this is not the case.As research by Texas-based clinical psychologist Craig Dike reveals, competition has been at the core of the survival of the human species, driving both our biological and psychological evolution.In fact, an examination of hominid skulls from the past two million years by researchers at the University of Missouri concluded that social competition was the biggest cause of increased cranial capacity of humans, partly explaining why the size of the human brain has tripled over that pe riod as compared to other mammals.While climate change and ecological demands also contributed to the increasing brain capacity in humans, the research findings suggest that areas with higher population density were associated with bigger skulls (hence greater brain capacity).A possible explanation offered for this positive association was that higher population density resulted in greater intensity of social competition for necessities and status, and having a bigger brain helped early humans survive in such situations.This shows that competition has a physical impact on the brain.Now, an even more relatable incidence of human competition is in sporting activities of all levels.There is the thrill of the sport itself and the glory of winning that spurs participants into a struggle to outdo each other.Think of a time you participated in any competition, whether that was a game of chess with your sibling or game of tennis at a high school competition â€" what went through your mind a s you took on your opponent?What were you feeling during the competition and following the outcome of the competition? Do you think you would have felt the same thing if the outcome was different? Did the competition have any impact on your outside the event you were competing in?When you engage in a competition, a number of things happen in your brain. These include:YOUR BRAIN’S REWARD SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED In one part of our brain’s is something known as a the reward center, which is basically a group of structures and neural pathways in the brain that get activated by reward-related or reinforcing stimuli, making them responsible for reward-related cognition.When exposed to the rewarding stimuli, the reward system responds by triggering the release of dopamine into the brain.Commonly known as the ‘feel-good hormone’, dopamine is a neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals released by neurons that control numerable body functions and convey signals from the bra in to the body.When dopamine is released into the brain, the person experiences feelings bordering euphoria, bliss and a surge of energy.This feeling of bliss and euphoria motivates the person to want to experience the rewarding stimuli again.It has been suggested that dopamine is instrumental in encoding memories about rewards, such as how and where to obtain them, as well as assigning importance to the stimuli associated with the specific reward.The rewards I am talking about in this case are not necessarily tangible ones as would be winning a prize after a chess tournament, but are rather gratifying in their capacity to produce associative learning (acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behavior etc.), affect decision-making, encourage approach behavior (motivation or propulsion towards a certain activity, event or outcome) and causing pleasurable emotions.When you engage in a competition, and especially when you win, your brain’s reward system releases a rush of dopam ine into your brain, resulting in a feeling of pleasure.This is why winning even something as simple as a video game or a game of cards leads to feelings of joy, even though there is no material gain from winning.Like I mentioned earlier, the release of dopamine and the resultant pleasurable feeling are meant to encourage the person to seek the same stimuli that caused this feeling.This was an evolutionary trait meant to ensure survival. When our primitive ancestors were roaming the plains, winning meant the difference between life and death.When two Neanderthal males fought, the loser would be left greatly injured, or probably dead, while the winner survived.When two starving hunter gatherers came across an edible fruit, the one who beat the other to it would have something to eat, while the other was left starving.Since winning meant survival, the brain reinforced the need for winning by releasing a rush of dopamine whenever our primitive ancestors won a competition.This created a craving for winning whenever early humans found themselves in a competition.Today, while many of the competitions we engage in are not a matter of life and death, this evolutionary trait is still active in our brains, always pushing us to try and win in every competition we engage in.The craving for a rush of dopamine is why some people will go to any length to win even something trivial, such as that friend who will go cheat to win a simple game of cards.ENHANCES PERFORMANCE BY MOTIVATING US TO PUSH OUR LIMITSCompetition has been demonstrated to have a performance-enhancing effect on participants over time. Think of the many records that have been set and broken in the world of sports.Why do you think a record takes some time to break, but once it is broken and a new one set, several other athletes are also able to exceed the previous record?Competition undoubtedly improves your performance because it creates a frame of reference.We are social beings and all through our life we ca n’t help but compare ourselves with others in our immediate environment.We regularly ask ourselves, ‘how am I fairing compared to my brother, friend, colleague or that industry leader?’If we feel that others are doing better than us, this motivates us to push our limits and achieve better results than we may have achieved previously.While being involved in a competition is seen to increase productivity and motivation, it is not as simple as just turning up for a bout.Rather, the increased productivity and motivation is based on the quality of your competitor.In other words, in order to enhance your performance, you need a rival â€" one that you think matches your skills and achievements or supersedes them.You get that dopamine rush at the prospect of outsmarting them and cementing your reputation.For instance, if you asked to compete against in a game of chess against an 8 year old, you wouldn’t really put so much into the match, because you know you can easily beat them.If however, you were asked to face someone who has worn a national chess championship, you would have greater motivation to win the game, which might result in you coming up with some traps and strategies you have never thought of before.How important is it to have a rival in a competition? In 2016, a Bellevue College professor, Dr Jillene Grover Seiver studied professional archers to investigate the benefits of the presence of a rival in competitive sport.The results were stunning â€" when an archer’s main rival was at the event, the archer scored significantly higher than when this main competitor was absent.Seiver concludes that the fact that they were involved in a competitive sport was not the main reason that made them better but rather more of the fact that they were in competition with someone they deemed to be similar in skill as they.A classic example of the importance of rivalry is the friendly rivalry between Ryan Lochte and Michael Phelps. When Phelps announced his retir ement, Lochte is reported to have said that Phelps helped make him (Lochte) a better swimmer.During Phelps’ brief retirement period, Lochte says he contemplated retiring too, but on the announcement of Phelp’s return, Lotche was quoted to have said that had reignited a spark for the game.Lochte felt that being in competition with Phelps helped make both of them better swimmers.At the workplace, placing employees with nearly similar skills, talents and competencies against each other in a competition could have a similar motivational or performance boost.The natural response to an equal being able to complete a certain task and gain the respect that we also seek is to up our game and earn the same recognition for ourselves.While encouraging competition at the workplace can help enhance performance, sometimes, it can have a negative effect, leading to disagreements and sabotaging the efforts of colleagues.According to Ashley Merryman’s best-selling book, Top Dog: The Science of Winning And Losing, purpose, structure and mission have to be integrated into the competition to create a singular vision if the sought after results are to be achieved.The aim of creating a singular vision is to make it clear that the potential rewards from the communal effort will be much higher than what one could have ever achieved on their own.ENHANCES OUR LEARNING CAPABILITIESWhat happens when you are readying up for a competition?You probably start sharpening the relevant skills needed to take the spoils home â€" whether this means getting to your peak levels of physical fitness, learning a new technique or brushing up your presentation skills.In a study by Rutgers University’s Brynne DiMenichi  and  Elizabeth Tricomi published on the journal Frontiers in Psychology, two experiments were set up to examine the implication of competition on effort and memory.In the first experiment, participants were required to complete a physical effort task and got rewarded for either winn ing an overall percentage or winning over ‘another player’.In the second experiment, a memory task was given and participants rewarded for remembering a percentage of the shapes or for remembering more shapes than a ‘competitor’.The study found participants demonstrated faster reaction times (an indicator of attention) in the physical effort task when they believed that they were competing against another person.However, participants who believed that they were competing against another person remembered less shapes during the study period and even less during a post-test later on.The findings support the idea that competition is more beneficial (by improving attention and thus motivation) in a physical effort task but is less effective in memory-based tasks.If competition increases attention, then a suggested application in learning environments and the workplace is the encouragement of internal competition.Good competition comes with a realization that there will be a lear ning process involved and that it might take a considerable amount of time to get really good at something.IT IS NOT JUST ABOUT WINNINGAn everyday understanding of competition is that two or more parties are striving for a singular goal that cannot be shared amongst them.This can be simply put as ‘winner takes it all’ or a zero-sum game â€" where the winner’s gain is exactly balanced with the loss of the other participants.War would be the near-perfect example of this perspective to competition where the loser is completely annihilated.Under this view, competition is often contrasted with cooperation â€" which is working together towards a common, mutually-benefitting goal rather than competing for selfish, individual benefit.In every day life, however, competition is largely non-zero-sum, a mixture of competition and cooperation is the norm where one participant’s loss (or gain) does not necessarily lead to the other participant’s gain (or loss) â€" everyone can gain.It d oes not always adhere to the social construct of competition as striving against or working against another group.Going back to the idea of structure and a common goal, competition within an organization can actually lead to cooperation.After agreeing on the ground rules and what the overarching vision within, for example, of the sales unit is, employee competition to hit the highest numbers is advancing the organizational goal.It is fallacious to think of every competitive environment as a man-eat-man situation.As Merryman observes in Top Dog, the real value of competition is not the win but rather a near-assurance of improvement.The science on neurogenesis â€" the creation of new brain neurons â€" has demonstrated that brain power can be improved via the performance of competitive tasks.The improvement comes as you practice and start realizing both at the moment of competing and over time the clues to an even greater performance or achievement.Once you reach a new milestone, your expectation of what is possible changes and the drive to reach the next level kicks in.Competing can therefore be thought of as a kind of mental fitness exercise where incremental improvements over past achievements and milestones set you on the route to steady brain power improvement.Brain scientists have discovered that acting to improve via competing or mastering a new skills alters brainwaves that bolster our performance and our intellectual capabilities.Even the simplest of competitions can improve brain power.A meta-analysis of 116 studies investigating the neural basis of video gaming published on the journal Frontiers in 2017, shows that present research supports the link between playing competitive video games and changes in brain regions responsible for attention, cognitive control, visual-spatial skills and cognitive workloadIt is the ‘risk-takers’, however, who will get the most benefit of this brain power-boosting possibility from competitive engagements since they are the group that engages less cautiously in mental fitness efforts led by their belief in new possibilities.People who push themselves to the next level, run further than they did before, lift heavier weights than last time, write a greater essay than before or take on a technological innovation that has not been fully tested are reshaping their brains chemically and electrically and stand to achieve a higher intelligence level.THE N-EFFECTDo you lose sight of the goal if the number of competitors is too many that the chances of winning are harder to estimate?A 2009 study by Stephen Garcia and Avishalom Tor suggests that the optimal benefit of competition is best achieved from small teams.In the study, students were asked to complete a brief quiz and informed that the top 20% to complete first and most accurately would be rewarded with $5.They were divided into two groups where one was told they were competing against 10 students and the other group told the competitors were 100.S tudents from the smaller group finished the same quiz faster than those in the bigger group.The researchers concluded that an increase in the number of competitors (N) can potentially reduce competitive motivation.A plausible explanation is that the fewer the number of competitors the higher our perceived chances of success and as such the greater the motivation to put more effort in the competition.FRIENDLY COMPETITIONIt would be difficult to pinpoint the ideal competitive mindset majorly because of an array of character distinctions and motivations that cannot be imposed as a sure prescription.Some people do best when they play not to lose, some when angry, some nervous, others it’s about being patriotic and others being happy does it for them.But there are those who do not do well in a competitive environment especially if they have lost in previous competitions and have been unable to motivate themselves to take part in a new ones.It can be quite demotivating for this kind of a person when deliberate competition is introduced in the workplace since it can be stress-inducing and potentially work against the synergy it was seeking to achieve.Top Dog presents statistics from scientific research that indicates a significant 25 percent of people crumble under competition and disengage.Another 25 percent will not be impacted by it and is about half of people who benefit from it.Craig Dike offers a familiar way of boosting productivity and team motivation, typically employed in team-building events that have a low chance of undermining cohesiveness and creating negative feelings towards ‘winning’ colleagues.He suggests introducing non-work related competitions that offer the same benefits of competition such as the activation of the brain reward centers but devoid of the sometimes negative and potentially destabilizing consequences of outright in-work competition.Potluck â€" where employees bring in different, often homemade food to the office â€" is one in teresting example of a safe competition where employees anonymously vote on the best dish.Outdoor quarterly gaming competitions is another lighthearted competition that can inject competition into the workplace without creating resentment among colleagues.Gal Rimon, the founder and CEO of workforce gamification company GamEffective provides a useful insight into the ideal competition model for the workplace.He argues that people can be driven to compete intrinsically â€" that they can compete with themselves rather than against colleagues.Rimon says goals can be set with the employee or their performance evaluated in relation to a ‘benchmarked’ performance by a colleague at their level.WRAPPING UPIt is true that some people would describe themselves as ‘non-competitive’ based on previous interactions with ‘born competitive’ siblings, workmates or schoolmates or even past performances.However, as research quoted above shows, competitiveness is literally intrinsic to the h uman existence and it doesn’t have to be a win-lose situation â€" the most valuable benefit is not to ‘feel good’ after winning but the mental building blocks acquired for the next challenge.Merryman says the self-assignment of a ‘non-competitive’ identity actually stems from the worry that they have to ascribe to the connotative meaning of competition â€" cutthroat, aggressive, mean and cheat.This as we have discussed above is far from the actual meaning of competition which can be more of respectful and cooperative than combative and selfish.Given the benefits of competition to your brain’s development, its implication on your decision-making and effectiveness you stand to lose a lot if you are not ready to take the risk of a new competitive challenge.

Risk in oil and gas construction projects - 4125 Words

Risk in oil and gas construction projects (Dissertation Sample) Content: Risks in Oil and Gas Construction ProjectsNameProfessorCourseDateLiterature ReviewThis section reviews previous researches conducted by engineering scholars concerning the impending risks in oil and gas construction projects. It is apparent that contractors should analyze various risks in order to formulate viable solutions during construction of projects. This may include risks associated with project management, project type, external environmental, design, contract or operational risks. This implies that the nature of the risks varies in regards to the construction operation being undertaken. A research conducted in 2003 [7] states that project construction risks are always noticeable and engineers should work on time to eliminate them. The author emphasizes on external environmental risks that affect project initiations. Political risks are evident because of the rapid variations in the worlds political scenery, which expose repercussions for oil and gas firms. Al ternatively, the political risks can be both positive and negative including possible disruption of fuel provisions, vital commodities and transport links. Another political risk concerns the failure of the local administering to provide or maintain infrastructures such that there are frequent loss of energy, water, telecommunication lines, mobile and digital connections, road, and rail and air interruption [7]. These affect the flow of resources to the sites where workers may be forced to wait for many days before finishing one phase of extraction. For instance, engineers can budget for the project or design the blueprint, but the project fails to commence due to government approval. Such risks are political risks that arise from administrative interferences. This entails the legal aspects that all projects must accept before undertaking any work. The legal procedures might be long and time-consuming leading to a shortage of resources required [3]. Political risks emanate from the legislators who enact laws. These laws hinder engineering operations because of the stringent regulations imposed on workers. Another external environmental risk is the use of sub-contractors. Some sub-contractors perform shoddy works, which might threaten the reputation of an engineering firm. It is also likely that sub-contractors mismanage funds intended for construction works by engaging in improper usage of the funds. Political risks are an external environmental risk because they give an added advantage to rival firms that may capitalize such challenges. It is also apparent that some regulations and laws do not favor the work of oil and gas construction projects, for instance, regulations regarding the sharing of revenues derived from the project with the neighboring communities [3]. This affects the construction works because the firms invest resources that should offer them lucrative returns. Some regulations also insist that construction firms should hire the locals who are qualified enough to work in the oil and gas construction projects. Regulations and laws determine the operations of oil and gas projects because of the government involvements. It is essential to observe all the stipulations concerning oil and gas construction projects to avoid disturbances from authorities. The governments fiscal policies can also be a foundation of risks on projects. This is because multinational oil corporations normally face the risk of deviations in interest rate and high tax strategy, which may arise due to adjustments in government policies. The researcher recommends that such risks may be reduced by maintaining good relationships with the government, using local workers and suppliers. External environmental risks also include physical destruction and damage associated with the works. Frequent destructions and damage of equipment can slow operation works since they attract extra expenses [7]. Oil and gas construction projects work with predetermined budg ets that must be followed in the entire task. Physical damage and destruction also consumes time allocated for the completion of the project. This aspect can lead to accidents at the site if not handled at the appropriate time. It is also apparent that environmental risks arise from the effects of the environs such as pollution, health problems or dereliction of land [3]. Drilling holes on earths cause pollution that affects the local communities and workers. As a result, these can cause health problems associated with the drilling or the method of excavation used at the site. Another probable effect is the dereliction of land that causes accidents to workers, animals and locals after the completion of the project. Derelict lands also act as breeding spots for mosquitoes if not filled immediately after operation. Environmental effects are the considerations that government agencies use to enact strict regulations or impose huge fines on engineers. According to Thompson [9], design risks are always present because of the internal operations that do not consider all the concepts. These risks emanate from failed or insufficient internal production processes, systems and people. The risks also cause accidents due to human errors during the preparation of the project. For instance, the incomplete design scope undermines the strength of the oil and gas project. This implies that a project with an unfinished design makes the work difficult to apply at the site leading to several mistakes that might cause accidents. Human errors and omissions are common risks because they involve the use of information technology, software and hardware techniques. Such errors bring about the low quality of work, cost overruns and insufficient configuration controls. This is because they are exposed to IT-based errors that may originate from hackers, mischievous interference and employee disruption [9]. The intrusions hinder the progress of projects by restricting access to vital proj ect information that prevents the successful delivery of a project. Design risks can also originate from incomplete specifications when a key employee or designer fails to cover all terms associated with the project. The designs used should show the correct specifications in order to ensure that the development of the project meets the reguired engineering standards. This is also connected to errors and omission risks where an individual forgets about crucial stipulations in the project. Oil and gas construction projects work on strict measurements that must relate to other areas to ensure smooth operations. Failure in one area of the design affects the entire project caused by the lack of compatibility of equipment or technique used. Thompson [9] further states that design changes at the last minute are other risks common in oil and gas construction projects. The author claims that changes in weather conditions, techniques and financial constraints can cause design changes. Design changes also emanate from technological changes. This is because changes in technology bring about the extensive reshuffle and the demise of all activities at the site. Oil and gas companies should prepare for new ways of sketching their designs since the rapid growth of IT is also risky to emerging firms. This means that the project starts afresh from the initial stages to match the changes noticed. It can demotivate workers or incur huge expenses leading to unsuccessful completion of the work [9]. Design changes should be communicated to all parties to prepare them for new instructions before the commencement of the project. This is because a design provides the overall structure of executing the work. As a result, any slight changes pose new challenges that need proper scrutiny before been approved by the management. Information technology concepts hired should also detect errors at initial stages to avoid future challenges of changing the entire design work. There are also risks associated with project management models. Project management risks are internal challenges brought about by mismanagement and lack of defined strategies. For instance, improper ways of communication show incompetency of the management to deal with matters arising. There should be coordination between the management and workers at all levels of operations because this enhances a working relationship. In oil and gas projects, project management risks causes come in the form of peoples approaches and principles, physical environment and other operational activities [1]. For instance, highlighting the objectives of a project provides is a clear method of executing the work. This implies that objectives are guidelines that show workers the expected target to realize. Objectives must be drafted before the start of the work to ensure that all protocols and resources are available. As a result, there must be methods set to define the objectives such as periods and available resources. Oil and gas companies should set intentions that help in reducing expenses and improving performance of the firm. This also ensures that all tools and policies applied to promote the achievement of the objective. Successful project management must have objectives that are measurable, exact, possible and realistic and time bound (SMART) to facilitate an easy transition of models [1]. Another challenge of project management involves the lack of the executive managers support. This implies that if the executive managers do not support operational managers and other junior staffs, then the project might face challenges. The support of the executive managers is vital because it promotes coordination and flow of activities [1]. This provides direction in the organizations since all workers are able to receive approvals from the senior management. This is because they ensure that the distribution and utilization of resources is appropriate by allocating equal budge...