Relationship between IQ and GPA Essay

In this study, relationship between Intelligence Quotients (IQ) and Grade Point Average (GPA), the correlation is very strong. Correlation is known to be a positive. The meaning of this correlation is the relationship between the Intelligence Quotients (IQ) and the Grade Point Average (GPA). This correlation implies that individual with high Intelligence Quotients (IQ) have a high Grade Point Average (GPA), in my opinion it does imply that the having a higher IQ means that you brain is Intelligence Quotients. This means you are smarter, therefore your GPA will be higher. This correlation by the information was giving to me, did not have enough information to tell if having a high IQ causes higher GPA. More evidence would have been needed to answer this question appropriate. Students who have metal impairment or other mental disabilities where not mention in this case study in order to determine if it would influence this relationship. The connection between correlation and causation is according to text is the two characteristics co-vary, or vary together, does not resume that one necessary cause the other. Some of the factors that affect the size of this correlation are shapes of distribution, sample sizes, outliers, restriction of range,  aggregate samples, ecological, inferences, random error of measurement, and correlations with third variables (Chen & Popovich, 2002). Correlation is a good predicting GPA for this test because it allows one to compare variables together on one chart. Reference Chen Y, Peter. & Popovich M, Paula. (2012). Factors Affecting the Size and Interpretation of Pearson’s Saga Research Methods.Retrieved from http://srmo.sagopub.com/view/correlation/d35.xml

The Impact of Workforce Diversity on Employee Engagement: The Case of Company X

A Brief Synopsis The focus of this research is to determine the impact of workforce diversity on employee engagement, with particular emphasis on Company X. Today’s challenge is not to simply retain employees but to engage them fully; hence, the organisation is tasked to capture the minds and hearts of its diverse workforce at every phase of their work lives. Workforce diversity pertains to employee’s heterogeneity in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, and other characteristics (Saha, 2006). Employee engagement, on the other hand, is the extent of their commitment to a particular thing or person in their organisation, the level of their work, and the length of time of their stay as a result of such commitment (Lockwood, 2007). Employee engagement can be a deciding factor to drive business success in today’s global competitive market, and since workforce diversity is a common scenario in many organisations, there is a corresponding need to allot a fuller attention to this aspect. Further, employee engagement does not only create a significant impact on employee retention, loyalty, and productivity, but it also serves as a key link to customer satisfaction and overall stakeholder value (Lockwood, 2007; Attridge, 2009). Rationale of the Research In this globalised age, an individual’s engagement with and enthusiasm for his/her work is very important. Organisations have grown to provide the resources needed by employees as well as the opportunities to learn new skills in order promote employee engagement within the workplace. It is necessary that employees feel that their work is meaningful and that they have a rewarding interaction with co-workers and supervisors. Companies with high-average levels of engagement are more productive and bring about highly satisfied customers. To manage workforce diversity, organisations introduce equal opportunity programmes and diversity management (Robbins et al., 2009). Moreover, as the global environment becomes increasingly borderless, organisations find it more and more important to attract, engage, develop, and retain talents. The changing relationship between employers and employees drive HR professionals to identify and understand employees’ needs and preferences and ascertain how these needs could be met whilst also leveraging workplace talents thoroughly (Lockwood, 2007). The urgency and need for a research on this topic is clearly brought out by the fact that a diverse workforce is more difficult to manage than a homogenous one (Bilmes and Gould, 2009), and hence, they might encounter barriers in being engaged to their work as a result. This research will identify the impact of such diversity on the levels of engagement that employees tend to have in a diverse workplace. This research is also justified by the fact that the contemporary workplace is commonly focused on raising productivity and competitive advantages, to which an engaged workforce is proved to play an important contribution (Macey and Schneider, 2008). On the other hand, finding out how workforce diversity affects employee engagement, and in turn, productivity and competitive advantages, would be a good avenue to introduce new policies and strategies to address identified barriers. Research Gap Employee engagement has been a broad focus of study in the academic literature. The meaning of employee engagement remains ambiguous amongst practitioners and academic rese ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­archers (Macey and Schneider, 2008). There is a gap between policies and practice in the strategic management of the HR function in some organisations, (Bhatnagar 2007) mentions, which can be filled by a study on employee engagement and workforce diversity like this current one. Additionally, recent research trends indicate a need for more research on workplace diversity to examine the challenges surrounding the diversity concept and how employees can become more engaged in the midst of such diversity (Byrd and Scott, 2014). Research Questions The research questions that this study will address are the following: What is the impact of workforce diversity on employee engagement in Company X How are employee engagement and workforce diversity utilised in Company X in order to gain competitive edge in the increasingly global marketplace? What is the extent of HR efforts in fostering an integration of employee engagement and workforce diversity in Company X Objectives The objectives of the research are outlined below: To review the extant literature on the concept of employee engagement and workforce diversity; To present a case study research on employee engagement amongst a culturally diverse workforce and how the latter influences the former; and To explore the ways in which strategic HR may enable an organisation to benefit from a diverse workforce through employee engagement. Dependent Variable The dependent variable in this study is employee engagement. The dependent variable serves as the status of the outcome, on which the research is focused (Babbie, 2011).Independent VariableThe independent variable is workforce diversity. It is the variable that logically has some impact on the dependent variable described above (e.g. Cargan, 2007). Intervening Variable An intervening variable (also called ‘mediating variable’) serves as a causal chain between dependent and independent variables (Rubin and Babbie, 2011). The intervening variable in this study is competitive advantage. Hypotheses Below are the hypotheses for this study: The impact of workforce diversity on employee engagement is competitive advantage. Well-integrated employee engagement and workforce diversity lead to increased productivity and competitiveness. Strategic HR programmes can enable integration between a diverse workforce and employee engagement. References Attridge, M. (2009) Measuring and Managing Employee Work Engagement: A Review of the Research and Business Literature. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 24 (4), 383-398. Babbie, E. (2011) The Basics of Social Research. Mason, OH: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Bhatnagar, J. (2007) Talent Management Strategy of Employee Engagement in Indian ITES Employees: Key to Retention. Employee Relations, 29 (6), 640-663. Bilmes, L. J. and Gould, W. S. (2009) The People Factor: Strengthening America by Investing in Public Service. Washington DC: The Brookings Institution. Byrd, M. Y. and Scott, C. L. (2014) Diversity in the Workforce: Current Issues and Emerging Trends. New York: Routledge. Cargan, L. (2007) Doing Social Research. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Catwright, S. and Holmes, N. (2006) The Meaning of Work: The Challenge of Regaining Employee Engagement and Reducing Cynicism. Human Resource Management Review, 16 (2), 199-208. Crawford, E. R., LePine, J. A., and Rich, B. L. (2010) Linking Job Demands and Resources to Employee Engagement and Burnout: A Theoretical Extension and Meta-Analytic Test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95 (5), 834-848. Lockwood, N. R. (2007) Leveraging Employee Engagement for Competitive Advantage: HR’s Strategic Role. Strategic Human Resource Management Research Quarterly. Retrieved on June 23, 2014 from http://www.shrm.org/research/articles/articles/documents/07marresearchquarterly.pdf Macey, W. H. and Schneider, B. (2008) The Meaning of Employee Engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1 (1), 3-30. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., Odendaal, A., and Roodt, G. (2009) Organisational Behaviour in Southern Africa. Second Edition. Cape Town: Pearson Education South Africa (Pty) Ltd. Saha, J. (2006) Management and Organizational Behaviour. New Delhi: Excel Books. Rubin, A. and Babbie, E. (2011) Research Methods for Social Work. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Shuck, B. and Wollard, K. (2009) Employee Engagement and HRD: A Seminal Review of the Foundations. Human Resource Development Review, 9 (1), 89-110.

Home Alice Walker Everyday Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Home Alice Walker Everyday Use - Essay Example This paper will aim to highlight the various aspects in which Dee’s character associates to home and her identity. Right from the start of story, Dee is presented as a character that appears to be a misfit in the environment depicted in the story. Dee’s mother and sister may be regarded as exemplary characters that have very polite habits of speaking and dealing with people. It appears that this is perhaps the writer’s way of creating a sense of ‘normal’ in the minds of readers. Dee character when contrasted against this ‘normal’ becomes extremely shocking for the reader and it is clearly evident that Dee displays characteristics that are alien to the environment of the home and its people. The sharp contrast that exists between Dee and her younger sister is a reflection of the fact that Dee has no emotional bonding to her home; a feature that is missing in her younger sister. Immediately upon arriving at her own home, she starts to behave in a manner that is unacceptable by all moral standards and the residents of home appear to be defending themselves from this new ‘trouble’. She is accompanied by her new boyfriend who has a religion and culture that is different from hers. This is Walker’s way of reflecting upon her new plan for her future. She has no intentions to revisit her culture in the future; instead she is looking for joining new people in life and most probably to adopt their culture. With this new ‘future’ sitting beside her during the dinner, she talks about the glory of her ‘roots’ and wishes to grab hold of the possessions that are a representation of her roots; but her real intention is to use her roots to ‘decorate’ her surroundings. Walker at this stage clearly exposes her false sense of belonging to her ‘roots’, since a person’s origins are not meant to deco rate their environment, but to make them proud of

American Government - Bush Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Government - Bush - Essay Example He receives the same treatment as would any other major political figure who is prone to take a rigid stand on an issue, the same as any political figure who arrogantly believes that it is his way or the highway. McCain’s amendment passed in the House by a 99 to 9 vote. It was so substantial, albeit Bush was opposed, he was left with no other option except to sign the amendment. In his own recalcitrant demeanor, at the signing ceremony, President stated; In a manner consistent with the constitutional authority of the President to supervise the unitary executive branch and as a commander in chief and consistent with the constitutional limitations on the judicial power, which will assist in achieving the shared objective†¦of protecting the American people from further terrorist attacks. (Bush LA Times) One does not have to project a personal bias when the principle puts forth statements such as the above quote from President Bush. He lets it be known that he begrudgingly af fixes his signature to the amendment. But even though he is compelled to sign it, he will encourage and approve disobedience when he deems it necessary. While scanning the LA Times I came across another article on Bush, which was written by a writer from the Washington Post. I felt compelled to draw a parallel between the two writers and the two papers. The piece from the Washington Post was laid out in an objective manner with all of the facts and a minimum amount of editorializing. Specifically, it was titled â€Å"Port Deal to Have a Broader View†. ... He receives the same treatment as would any other major political figure who is prone to take a rigid stand on an issue, the same as any political figure who arrogantly believes that it is his way or the highway. McCain's amendment passed in the house by a 99 to 9 vote. It was so substantial, albeit Bush was opposed, he was left with no other option except to sign the amendment. In his own recalcitrant demeanor, at the signing ceremony, President stated; In a manner consistent with the constitutional authority of the president to supervisethe unitary executive branch and as a commander in chief and consistent with theconstitutional limitations on the judicial power, which will assist in achieving theshared objectiveof protecting the American people from further terroristsattacks. (Bush LA Times) One does not have to project a personal bias when the principle puts forth statements such as the above quote from President Bush. He lets it be known that he begrudgingly affixes his signature to the amendment. But even though he is compelled to sign it, he will encourage and approve disobedience when he deems it necessary. While scanning the LA Times I came across another article on Bush, which was written by a writer from the Washington Post. I felt compelled to draw a parallel between the two writers and the two papers. The piece from the Washington Post was laid out in an objective manner with all of the facts and a minimum amount of3 editorializing. Specifically

The best moment in my life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The best moment in my life - Essay Example That was the start of the best moments in my life: getting the chance to be immersed in a new lifestyle, to meet new people and develop new relationships, and pursue higher education to attain both personal and professional goals. I remember arriving in Denver on a bright sunny morning. The moment the plane landed at Denver International Airport, my spirits were incredibly high. I was so amazed by the volume of passengers from diverse cultures just going in and out like bees swarming to make honey. The travel to my destination at the city was brief; but I got to view the magnificent landmarks: the Colorado State Capitol, the Denver Art Museum, the 16th Street Mall, and the Confluence Park, among others. At that instant, I promised to myself that I would have all the time to explore Denver at its best. What was most striking about Denver was despite its modernity, the people were able to restore historical landmarks that showcased Victorian-era homes, such as the Bryers- Evan Homes and Molly Brown House preserved in its grandeur. The architectural styles of most significant edifices were just magnificent that visitors would be awe-inspired and would be transported back in time, despite the ultra-modern environ ment of the rest of the city. Another best moment from being in Denver is the opportunity to be immersed slowly to a new culture and virtually new and fast-paced lifestyle. I was so impressed by the way people seem to be so always rushing somewhere, somehow, all the time. When I observe people, nature and historical landmarks as I sit from a bench at Cheesman Park, I noticed that all were immensely engaged in their respective endeavors and it is as if it was only me who was a spectator in their busy world. Likewise, it seemed that it was only me who had not been oriented yet that the park was reportedly one of the most haunted places in Denver. No wonder I seemed to cherish the serenity and complete peacefulness within the grounds – which were apparently

Mod # BUStwo feedback loops in your organization (HP INC.) Essay

Mod # BUStwo feedback loops in your organization (HP INC.) - Essay Example In a move to improve profitability the company is planning to outsource PC manufacturing facilities worldwide. This would help the company to increase profitability by focusing on its core strengths which includes supply chain management, new products and services development and supplier management. (www.hp.com) Management Intent: The management believes that as everything as a Service evolves, there is an opportunity to reshape the computing industry forever and, more importantly, create more dynamic services that enrich our everyday lives and improve how we do business. To realize this potential, the technology industry must innovate at a higher level of intelligence into the next generation of devices, networks and software. When we are successful in providing better user experience, we will be poised for the next wave of growth. (www.hp.com) Feedback loops Employed by HP: Customer groups in various markets - Speed quality and flexibility are some of the requirements of the customer groups as far as technology is concerned. Manufacturers like HP would like to classify their customers as large businesses, individuals with home office and the younger generation. Further this would also give an insight to the market size and location, stage of the product life cycle in each of these consumer groups and characteristics and influences of the buyers (demographic details).Global marketers like HP will would resort to this method of feedback which brings into focus the basic information necessary for development of a strategic plan for production.Survey on Product technology - This form of feedback involves the markets being broken down into segments. Volumes of requirement are forecast to identify and explore the requirements for niche products and otherwise. This feedback would also give the companies required product mixes, c omplexity, differentiation and frequency of manufacturing required. The purpose of selecting these loops was to bring to attention that the major deciding factors of cost in production are related to these. Balancing feedback brings in optimum product quality at the lowest possible pricing leads to goal seeking behavior. Complex systems are composed of multiple feedback loops laid upon one another. How this can be used in OD Hp can make use of these loops by empowering the team of people involved in these activities, by which the results would be extraordinary. The company can help teams involved to manage culture, process, systems and relationships which in turn would be effective and would also reflect on Organizational development. People learn together by submitting their shared vision to testing. When complex dynamics exist, a shared vision allows organizational members to examine assumptions, search for leverage points, and test different policy alternatives. This level of learning often requires simulation, which is a much more specialized systems technique. (Larsen, K., McInerney) Effects of feedback loops on Org Effectiveness Long and Short Term: The effects of these feedback loops on organization effectiveness are as follows Long Term: Organizations strive to reach their potential by sharing this vision of worthy goals with employees. There is a Lifelong commitment to high quality work can result when teams work

Buddhism and Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buddhism and Psychology - Essay Example Why does a person become a victim of trauma or violence? Is it due to his Karma? The word, Karma, is from the Sanskrit language and means both action and duty. Karma according to Buddhist philosophy exists at two planes, at the individual plane, and at a collective plane. At the individual plane, every person gets born into circumstances, depending on his actions in his past life. And at the collective plane, a â€Å"certain category of beings live in a certain location and tend to perceive their environment in much the same way, because that particular shared situation is the fruition of their former actions.† On this depends whether a being is reborn as a human or an animal. However, the Karma Theory is not a deterministic one. At each point of time, one has a choice of adopting either an elevating course of action, thus ensuring a better birth in the future. Therefore, although Karma may have put a person into circumstances, which are difficult, including becoming the victi m of trauma, it decrees that one accepts this and treat those who wrong him with compassion. One must understand that Buddhism does not exalt suffering as a means to having a better life in the next birth. Not at all. A person who does not suffer and a person who suffers have both the same chance of being in similar circumstances in the next life. But since one’s current circumstances are the result of past actions, how one deals with it (with patience and forgiveness to those who harm you, if anyone does) ensures a better life in the next birth.

LAND LAW SUMMATIVE ASSIGNMENT DECEMBER 2012 Essay

LAND LAW SUMMATIVE ASSIGNMENT DECEMBER 2012 - Essay Example However, the privileges of a recipient under a trust exist given that Thirty years ago Susan paid the original deposit on the house from her own savings. The rights of a beneficiary under a trust are created formally or arises informally either by a covenant between the couple or following a financial contribution made by Susan to the cost of improving or buying the farm. A legal interest, which is binding or overriding in the case is the rights of occupation. Susan does not jointly own the farm with Edward, but has a statutory rights of occupation referred to as home rights, which arise in cases of a civil or marriage partnership. The case of Susan actual occupation being overriding in expressed in the case Williams and Glyn’s Bank Ltd v Boland [1981] AC 487.1 (ii) Considering the fact that Edward has granted Jayasuriya a right to exclusive occupation of a cottage on the farm by deed for seven years period, Jayasuriya holds leasehold of the farm by deed. This implies that Jay asuriya has a right in the property that may be enforceable. A lease can be provided for a fixed term such as seven years, which is the case of Jayasuriya, it may be periodic tenancy running from a single period to another until one party ends the lease by providing the other party with a notice of its termination. The possibility of the exclusive occupation right by deed may bind Adams given that he never knew the arrangement between Jayasuriya and Edward. The nature of this right is an equitable right. The equitable right will remain binding if the buyer has notice of the existence or presence of the right, the right has not been overreached, and the buyer is not a bona fide buyer for value of the legal farm without notice. 2 However, it is recommended that the mirror principle be applied, which outlines the interests attached to the land. This could have been very valuable for Adam prior to purchasing of the farm from Edward. (iii) A possibility exists that Gunawansa, Edward Mull et’s neighbor may posses similar right to an easement. The easement need to accommodate the dominant tenement. This implies that it must posses some direct beneficial impact or influence on the dominant land. In order for an easement to contain the overriding land it is not fundamental that the servient and dominant land be near or adjacent to each other, even though they need to be sufficiently near each other for the easement to be of direct benefit to the dominant or principal land. Pugh v Savage [1970]2, a â€Å"right of way† existed over a single field in order to get to the other, but a third field also lay between the dominant and servient fields. The right of way was regarded or held as a valid easement.3 Section 1(2) of the LPA 1925 has a provision, which states that, the only charges or interest in or over land that is capable of subsisting or of being created or conveyed at law is an easement, right, privilege in or over land for an interest that is equivale nt to an estate or farm in fee simple absolute in possessions or a term of absolute years. (iv) In legal terms, the occupation of the attic room in the main farmhouse by Maria appears to be a licensee implying that she is on the property of her father with the license or permission and thus not a trespasser. A family arrangement or plan of this nature

Using a simple supply and demand framework, analyse the potential Essay

Using a simple supply and demand framework, analyse the potential factors that impact on the price of crude oil in both the short- and long-run - Essay Example Obviously, from the graphical illustration, more is supplied while prices are higher than when they are low. Looking at the demand curve, on the other hand, while prices are high at p1, then quantity demanded is low at Q1. This is unlike the case where prices are lower at p2*, at which the quantity demanded rises to Q2. (investopedia.com, 2011) Some of demand factors as well as supply may have an impact in the short-term while others will be experienced over the long-term. The latest oil price shock has been majorly attached to the demand factors as the driving force especially between the year 2004 and 2008. (Hamilton, 2008) In the short-run there are two experiences that are evident; higher demand levels and an inelastic supply curve. This in turn causes a price upsurge as far as oil is concerned. The reasoning behind this is that as demand escalates, a decline in the stocks of oil is experienced worldwide, in all main oil refineries in the globe. The prices of oil are then forced upwards. This gives a message to the suppliers of oil in the globe to grow their production. However, a hindrance arises since it is not possible to make some extra stock supplies in the short-run. Thus, there will be an escalation of prices as demand shifts against an inelastic supply in the short-run. As one can observe from the following graph, in the short-run some factors of supply can be varied and this leads to an increase in quantity of oil supplied. However, some of the factors that can lead to a further increase are not varied in the short-run, which causes a totally inelastic supply curve at a given point. For a better illustration to this theory, the graph below is of great essence; Demand of oil may shift (increase) from D1 to D2 and then to D3. At the same time, prices may remain at P1 due to the fact that there is enough supply until a certain point where

BIOLOGY VOCABULARY AND ASSESSMENT Essay Example for Free

BIOLOGY VOCABULARY AND ASSESSMENT Essay 1. Binomial nomenclature: Linnaeus’s system of naming organisms, giving a scientific two-word name to each species- the first part being the genus, and the second the species 2. Class: taxonomic group that contains one or more related orders 3. Classification: grouping of organisms or objects based on a set of criteria that helps organize, communicate, and retain information 4. Division: taxonomic term used instead of phylum to group related classes of plants and bacteria 5. Domain: taxonomic group of one or more kingdoms 6. Family: taxonomic group of similar, related genera that is smaller than a genus and larger than an order 7. Genus: taxonomic group of closely related species with a common ancestor 8. Kingdom: taxonomic group of closely related phyla or divisions 9. Order: taxonomic group that contains related families 10. Phylum: taxonomic group of related classes 11. Taxon: named group of organisms ex: phylum, species 12. Taxonomy: branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on their natural relationships. CH 17 SEC 2 13. Character: inherited morphological or biochemical feature that 14. Cladistics: taxonomic method that models evolutionary relationships based on shared derived characters and phylogenetic trees 15. Cladogram: branched diagrams that represents the hypothesized phylogeny or evolution of a species or group; uses bioinformatics, morphological studies, and information from DNA studies 16. Molecular clock: model that uses comparisons of DNA sequences to estimate phylogeny and rate of evolutionary change 17. Phylogney: evolutionary history of a species  CH 17 SEC 3 18. Archaea: the species classified in Domain Archaea 19. Fungus: unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that is stationary, absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment, and has cell walls that contain chitin 20. Protist: unicellular, multicellular, or  colonial eukaryote whose cell walls may contain cellulose; can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like 17.1 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS: 1. It is easier to communicate and retain information about organisms when they are categorized into groups. 2. In the name given to an organism according to binomial nomenclature, the first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species. 3. In modern classification systems, people could classify organisms not only on morphological and behavioral characteristics, but also included evolutionary relationships. 4. The giant panda is of the Animalia Kingdom, Chordata Phylum, Mammalia Class, Carnivora Order, Ursidae Family, Ailuropoda Genus and Melanoleuca Species. 5. Since the phyla includes multiple classes, there would be more biodiversity in the phylum than in the class. 6. Taxonomy involves classifying species, but systematics involves discovering new species and relationships. They incorporate information from taxonomy in their studies.

Objectives And Techniques Of Fiscal Policy Economics Essay

Objectives And Techniques Of Fiscal Policy Economics Essay Fiscal Policys first word Fiscal is taken from  French  word Fisc which means treasure of Govt. Fiscal policy concerns itself with the aggregate effect of government expenditure and taxation on income, employment and production. It refers to the instruments by which a government tries to regulate or modify the economic affairs of the economy keeping in view certain objectives. Thus, fiscal policy is a package of economic measures of government regarding its public expenditure, public revenue and public debt .Fiscal Policy is the most important part of Economic Policy .So ,we can define fiscal policy as the revenue and expenditure policy of Govt. of India .It becomes the prime duty of Government to frame fiscal policy . By making this policy , Govt. collects money from his different resources and utilize it in different expenditure . Thus fiscal policy is related to development policy. Through this paper the objectives , techniques, stances and limitations of a fiscal policy are b eing discussed .An attempt is also been made to highlight the achievements and progress of the fiscal policy of India. Introduction The term fiscal has been derived from the greek word fisc, meaning a basket to symbolize the public purse.. Fiscal policy thus means the policy related to the treasury of the government. Fiscal policy is a part of general economic policy of the government which is primarily concerned with the budget receipts and expenditures of the government. All welfare projects are completed under this policy .It also suggests measures to control economic fluctuations which may become violent and create great upheavals in the socio-economic structure of the economy. It also outlines the influence of resource utilization on the level of aggregate demand through affecting the level of aggregate consumption and investment expenditure. Definitions According to U. Hicks Fiscal policy is concerned with the manner in which all the different elements of public finance , while still primarily concerned with carrying out their own duties, may collectively be geared to forward the aims of economic policy. According to Arthur Smithies Fiscal policy is a policy under which the government uses its expenditure and revenue programmes to produce desirable effects and avoid undesirable effects on the national income ,production and employment. Objectives of Fiscal Policy There are following objectives of fiscal policy :- 1.  Development of Country :- Every country has to make fiscal policy for development of Country . With this policy , all work like govt. planning and proper use of funds for development functions is done . If govt. does not make fiscal policy , then it can happen that revenues are misused  without  targeted  expenditure of Government. 2. Employment :- Getting the full employment is also the objective of fiscal policy . Govt. can take many actions for increasing employment. Government can fix certain amount which can be  utilized  for creation of new employment opportunities for unemployed people . 3. Inequality :- In developing country like India , we can see the difference one basis of earning . 10% of people are earning more than Rs. 100000 per day and other are earning less than Rs . 100 per day . By making a good fiscal policy , govt. can reduce this difference if govt makes it as its target . 4. Fixation of Govt. Responsibility:- It is the duty of Govt. to effective use of resources and by making of fiscal policy different ministers accountability can be checked . I was seeing the Episode of Chanakya on  YouTube  in which I found that in old time fiscal policy was made and treasury officer and even prime minister are also responsible for any shortage of govt .fund Techniques of Fiscal Policy   1. Taxation Policy   It is one of the powerful instruments of fiscal policy in the hands of public authorities which greatly affects changes in disposable income ,consumption and investment. Taxation policy is relates to new amendments in direct tax and indirect tax . Every year Govt. of India passes the finance bill . In this policy govt. determines the rate of taxes . Govt. can increase or decrease these tax rates and amend previous rules of taxation .Govt.s earnings main source is taxation . But more tax on public will adverse effect on the development of economy. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ If Govt. will increase taxes , more burden will be on the public and it will reduce production and purchasing power of public . à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ If Govt. will decrease taxes , then publics purchasing power will increase and it will increase the inflation. Govt. analyzes   both the situation and will make his taxation policy more progressive . 2. Govt. Expenditure Policy   There are large number of public expenditure like opening of govt schools , colleges and universities , making of bridges , roads and new railway tracks . For the above projects govt has paid large amount for purchasing   and paying wages and salaries ,however ,all these expenditures are paid after making govt. expenditure policy . Govt. can increase or decrease the amount of public expenditure by changing govt. budget . So , govt. expenditure is technique of fiscal policy by using this , govt. use his fund   first on very necessary sector and other will be done after this . 3. Deficit Financing Policy   If Govt.s expenditures are more than his revenue , then govt. should have to collect this amount . This amount is deficit and it can be fulfilled by issuing new currency by central bank of country . But , it will reduce the purchasing power of currency . More new currency will increase inflation and after inflation value of currency will   decrease . So, deficit financing is very serious issue in the front of govt. Govt. should use it , if there is no other source of govt. earning . 4. Public Debt Policy If Govt. thinks that deficit financing is not sufficient for fulfilling the public expenditure or if govt. does not resort to deficit financing , then govt. can take loan from   world bank , or take loan from public by the way of issuing govt. securities and bonds . But it will also increase the cost of debt in the form of interest which govt. has to pay on   the amount of loan . So, govt. has to necessarily make solid budget for this and after taking into consideration the amount which is taken as debt. This policy   can also use as the technique of fiscal policy for increase the treasure of govt. Internal sources of debt include market loans, compensation bonds,15 years annuity certificates ,small private savings through various saving schemes. External sources includes in borrowing from the external market ,from international institutions such as the World bank, IMF IDA etc and the governments of other countries. 5.Budget .Fiscal policy operates through the budget .Thus it is also called budgetary policy. The term budget is derived from a French word Bougette which means a leather bag or a wallet used to carry financial papers. The budget of a nation is a useful instrument to assess the fluctuations in an economy. Different budgetary principles have been formulated by the economists ,prominently known as the annual budget ,cyclical balanced budget and full y managed compensatory budget. Fiscal Consolidation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ With recovery taking root, there is a need to review public spending, mobilise resources and gear them towards building the productivity of the economy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fiscal policy shaped with reference to the recommendations of the Thirteenth Finance Commission, which has recommended a calibrated exit strategy from the expansionary fiscal stance of last two years. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It would be for the first time that the Government would target an explicit reduction in its domestic public debt-GDP ratio. Stances of fiscal policy The three possible stances of fiscal policy are neutral, expansionary and contractionary. The simplest definitions of these stances are as follows: A neutral stance of fiscal policy implies a balanced economy. This results in a large tax revenue. Government spending is fully funded by tax revenue and overall the budget outcome has a neutral effect on the level of economic activity. An expansionary stance of fiscal policy involves government spending exceeding tax revenue. A contractionary fiscal policy occurs when government spending is lower than tax revenue. However, these definitions can be misleading because, even with no changes in spending or tax laws at all, cyclical fluctuations of the economy cause cyclical fluctuations of tax revenues and of some types of government spending, altering the deficit situation; these are not considered to be policy changes. . Thus, for example, a government budget that is balanced over the course of the business cycle is considered to represent a neutral fiscal policy stance. Methods of funding Governments spend money on a wide variety of things, from the military and police to services like education and healthcare, as well as transfer payments such as welfare benefits. This expenditure can be funded in a number of different ways: Taxation Seigniorage, the benefit from printing money Borrowing money from the population or from abroad Consumption of fiscal reserves. Sale of fixed assets (e.g., land). All of these except taxation are forms of deficit financing. Some facts about fiscal policy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Government revenues and expenditures dont need to balance every year but over one business cycle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Functional finance is the principle that government budgets should be geared to the yearly needs of the economy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Defenders of functional finance are those who believe fiscal policy is a powerful stabilization tool. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢The choice of fiscal policy guideline depends on the governments belief in fiscal policy as an effective tool for stabilizing the economy . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢In 1970s and 1980s Canada believed in functional finance but recently has made unsuccessful attempts to move toward cyclically balanced budgets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Government deficits were highest during recessions during the early 1980s and early 1990s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Tax revenues fell with slumping incomes during that time as a result of the automatic stabilizers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Discretionary expansionary policy also contributed since federal government increased purchases of goods and services to counteract the effects of sagging outputs and incomes. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢1990s downturn caused a concern over increased public debt and lowered confidence in discretionary fiscal policies to counteract a recession. Achievements of fiscal policy in India The fiscal policy has played an important role in the following fields. Mobilization of resources To finance the development need of India ,the government has extensively used the fiscal policy. The policy of public borrowing and deficit financing has enable the government to raise huge amounts of resources for development. Increasing tax GDP ratio is a good indication of the increasing mobilization of resources. The tax GDP ratio was only 6.7 percent in 1950-51 but it has reached to 17.3 % in 2006-07. Increase in savings The fiscal policy has been successful in raising the rate of savings in the household sector, corporate sector and public sector. To encourage savings, prize based schemes to encourage savings, expansion of the network of savings bank, post office schemes. Increase in capital formation Capital formation involves three stages-incentive to save, mobilization of savings and investment of savings .The fiscal policy has tried to influence all the three stages .A well spread network of postal banks ,savings bank, commercial banks, financial institutions and money market is there to collect peoples savings .The government has also been successful in using the savings of the public of the public sector for development. Incentives to investment The government has exclusively used it to influence the government decisions of the private sector. Various tax concessions ,tax rebates, subsidies and fiscal incentives are given to investors. Cottage and small scale industries have survived due to the support of the fiscal policy. The government is mobilizing increased amounts of resources through public borrowings and deficit financing to push up the level of investment in infrastructure ,social sectors, exploration and development of natural resources. Reduction in Income and wealth Inequalities To create equitable conditions in the society ,a progressive tax system has been adopted in the realm of direct taxes. The rate of taxes on income goes on increasing with the increase in income .Direct and indirect taxes are used to mop up more resources from the richer sections of the society. Luxuries are heavily taxed. The government has also launched several poverty eradication programmes to directly benefit the poor people. The poor sections of the society are provided with subsidized grains and other essential items of consumption. Reduction in inter regional variations The states like Bihar, U.P. ,Rajasthan ,Madhya Pradesh, Orissa etc. are given preference while transferring resources from the center to the states .Both statutory and non statutory channels of resource transfer are being used for the purpose. The government of India also gives discretionary grants to economically poor states. In addition to this special incentives, subsidies and concessions are given for locating industrial units in backward regions. Limitations of Fiscal Policy   1.Inadequate resource mobilization The fiscal policy has achieved a mixed success in mobilization of resources. The defective tax system ,limited base of direct taxes ,exemption of agriculture from direct taxation ,evasion of taxes ,inefficient and corrupt tax collection machinery are some of the causes of poor tax collection in the country. Another cause of poor resource mobilization is the low share of non-tax revenue in the total revenue receipts. 2. Inflation of India is increasing rapidly after issuing new notes for payment of govt. of expenses and in this inflation, prices of necessary goods are increasing very fastly. Living of poor people has become difficult due to this . So , these signs show the failure of Indian fiscal policy. 3. Govt. fiscal policy has failed to reduce the black money . Even large amount of   past minister is in the form of black money which is deposited in Swiss Bank. 4. After taking loan from world bank under the fiscal policys debt technique , govt. has to follow the rules and regulations framed by world bank and IMF . These rules are more harmful for developing small domestic business of India. These organizations are inter related with WTO and they intend to stop Indian domestic Industry. 5.  After expending large amount for generating new employment under fiscal policy , rate of unemployment is increasing fastly and big lines on govt. employment exchange can be seen generally in working days . Database of employment exchanges are full from educated unemployed candidates . 6. Fiscal policy and inflation The direct taxes are the main instruments of the fiscal policy. The rise in the rates of direct taxes result in the reduction of the disposable income of the people .The indirect taxes contribute more than four-fifths of the tax revenue .Taxes on commodities, sales taxes ,excise duties, customs etc .add to the prices of commodities .Increase in the rates of sales taxes and excise duties immediately cause a rise in the price level. Conclusion Thus, the fiscal policy encompasses two separate but related decisions; public expenditures and the level and structure of taxes. It occupies the central place for maintaining full employment without inflationary forces in the economy. With its various instruments it influences the economic stability of an economy. The fiscal policy of the Indian government has been very successful in several fields such as mobilization of resources for economic development, increasing rate of savings and capital formation, developing cottage and small scale industries ,reducing the incidence of poverty etc. Despite a few drawbacks of this policy, India has truly achieved a considerable level of fiscal maturity.

The History and Role of Accounting in Business Essay -- Accountant, Eco

Accounting can be defined in a number of ways, but I chose the book definition, which is; Accounting is an information system that provides reports to stakeholders about the economic activities and condition of business. The person in charge of accounting is called the accountant. The accountant is typically required to follow a set of rules and regulations. These rules and regulations are called the General Accepted Accounting Principles. Throughout these next few paragraphs, I will be giving you the history and evolution of accounting, and I will be explaining who the stakeholders are and what type of information they require, and I will be explaining the role of accounting in business. There will be many examples and type of business decisions throughout this whole paper. The history of accounting dates all the way back to the fourteenth century. In 1494, Luca Pacioli, first published and printed his accounting book in Venice, Italy. Pacioli’s book included a 27-page step by step guide on bookkeeping. In his book Pacioli, introduced symbols for plus and minus for the first time in a printed book. His accounting book contained the first known published work of double-entry, and it was said that this laid the foundation for double-entry bookkeeping in the world today. Double-entry was defined as any accounting action that required a debit and credit transaction for each transaction. The very first known accounting book to be discovered in the English literature was published and printed in London, England by John Gouge in 1543. Accounting can be broke down into four categories; Financial, management, open-book, and tax accounting. Financial accounting can be defined as a major branch of accounting involving the collection, re... ...n’t be following the rules of bookkeeping which are also known as the (General Accepted Accounting Principles.) That’s why the accounting equation and accounting are so important to everyday life and business. In the future, I see the role of accounting being the same as it is today. I see it being the same because the companies might change, but they will always need accounting in one way or another. No matter what company it is, a company will always like to know what it owns, and a company would always like to know who they owe, Without this how would a company be able to run efficiently and maximize profit. Although all companies don’t aim to maximize profits, majority of the companies in today’s world do. Unlike other jobs, I believe that accountants will always have job, cause as long companies are up and running, they will need somebody to run there books. The History and Role of Accounting in Business Essay -- Accountant, Eco Accounting can be defined in a number of ways, but I chose the book definition, which is; Accounting is an information system that provides reports to stakeholders about the economic activities and condition of business. The person in charge of accounting is called the accountant. The accountant is typically required to follow a set of rules and regulations. These rules and regulations are called the General Accepted Accounting Principles. Throughout these next few paragraphs, I will be giving you the history and evolution of accounting, and I will be explaining who the stakeholders are and what type of information they require, and I will be explaining the role of accounting in business. There will be many examples and type of business decisions throughout this whole paper. The history of accounting dates all the way back to the fourteenth century. In 1494, Luca Pacioli, first published and printed his accounting book in Venice, Italy. Pacioli’s book included a 27-page step by step guide on bookkeeping. In his book Pacioli, introduced symbols for plus and minus for the first time in a printed book. His accounting book contained the first known published work of double-entry, and it was said that this laid the foundation for double-entry bookkeeping in the world today. Double-entry was defined as any accounting action that required a debit and credit transaction for each transaction. The very first known accounting book to be discovered in the English literature was published and printed in London, England by John Gouge in 1543. Accounting can be broke down into four categories; Financial, management, open-book, and tax accounting. Financial accounting can be defined as a major branch of accounting involving the collection, re... ...n’t be following the rules of bookkeeping which are also known as the (General Accepted Accounting Principles.) That’s why the accounting equation and accounting are so important to everyday life and business. In the future, I see the role of accounting being the same as it is today. I see it being the same because the companies might change, but they will always need accounting in one way or another. No matter what company it is, a company will always like to know what it owns, and a company would always like to know who they owe, Without this how would a company be able to run efficiently and maximize profit. Although all companies don’t aim to maximize profits, majority of the companies in today’s world do. Unlike other jobs, I believe that accountants will always have job, cause as long companies are up and running, they will need somebody to run there books.

Ethnocentrism :: essays research papers

The official definition of ethnocentric is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“characterized or based on the attitude that ones own group is superiorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“having race as a central interest.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? There is a whole world of problems, politics, and, other cultures, but it seems that the average Americanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s only interest is that of themselves. The reason I chose to focus on the American being ethnocentric is because I have been exposed the most to this culture in the past. America is the melting pot of the world with so many different cultures and accepts this variety into our country as we were accepted when our ancestors came over. Today I feel that people are arrogant towards those foreigners who donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t wash away their former demeanor. Why donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t we realize that we are so lucky to live in a secure and free country that should glorify diversity and not promote prejudice? When we make contact with people whose beliefs and cult ural tradition challenge our own perspective most feel some sort of intimidation. Ethnocentrism in my opinion is very ignorant, unintelligent, and closed minded in that your normal rituals may seem just as strange to other cultures, but are seen by them in a more understanding way. Ethnocentrism has been instilled in us since birth, learning to attach our selves to our cultural groups depending on them for comfort and a sense of safety. People as a whole in a way have to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“de-centerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? their strong cultural beliefs, as well as the thought that their culture is the only one important enough to concern themselves with. Ethnocentrism may manifest itself in behavior such as warfare, attitudes of superiority, hostility, violence, discrimination, and verbal aggression. In the past, groups such as the Nazià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, the Crusaders and, the Muslims have waged wars and death over cultural and religious differences using ethnocentrism as there incentive. Hate groups are also formed on this notion believing that their religious or cultural group is superior to others when in reality their customs are simply different.

Theory and Praxis in Aristotle and Heidegger :: Aristotle heidegger Essays

Theory and Praxis in Aristotle and Heidegger ABSTRACT: The discussion of Heidegger's â€Å"destructive retrieve† of Aristotle has been intensified in recent years by the publication of Heidegger's courses in the years surrounding his magnum opus. Heidegger's explicit commentary on Aristotle in these courses permits one to read Being and Time with Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Metaphysics. My paper analyzes a network of differences between the two thinkers, focusing on the relationship between theory and praxis. From Aristotle to Heidegger, there is: (1) a shift from the priority of actuality to the priority of possibility. This shift, I argue, is itself the metaphysical ground of: (2) a shift from the priority of theory to the priority of praxis. This shift is seen most clearly in the way in which (3) Heidegger's notion of Theorie is a modification of his poà ­esis. The temporal ground of the reversal is seen in (4) Heidegger's notion of transcendence towards the world, and not towards an eternal being. Heidegger's "destructive retrieve" of Aristotle is getting more attention recently, as the courses he gave in the years surrounding the appearance of Being and Time are gradually becoming available. Heidegger's explicit commentary on Aristotle in many of these courses permits one to read Being and Time as a work written in conversation with the Greek master. Contrasting Being and Time with Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics and Metaphysics, my paper analyzes a network of relations and differences between the two thinkers, focussing on the relationship between theory and praxis. Between Aristotle and Heidegger, there is 1) a shift from the priority of actuality in Aristotle, to the priority of possibility in Heidegger. This shift, I argue, is itself the metaphysical ground of 2) a shift from the priority of theory in the one thinker to the priority of praxis in the other. This shift is seen most clearly in the way in which 3) Heidegger's notion of Theorie is a modification of a more original poà ­Ãƒ ©sis. The temporal ground of the reversal is seen in 4) Heidegger's notion of transcendence towards the world, and not towards an eternal being. I. From Aristotle's Actuality to Heidegger's Possibility For Heidegger, possibility precedes actuality: though human beings have a factical structure, the way that we interpret the world is on the basis of possibility. For Aristotle, however, actuality is prior to potentiality (Meta: 1049b 4ff). Now Aristotle's notion of physical potentiality and what Heidegger calls possibility are not identical.

Migration from Mexico to united states

Migration is a subject that is studied on all levels when dealing with humanity and its idiosyncrasies. In order to understand migration we must understand the various components involved in migration, including internal migration, external migration, immigration and both refugees and Internally Displaced Persons. We must attempt to understand the reasons to migrate and how laws affect the various forms of migration and if there would be solutions to this practice of migration. The objective is to study the problems, the solutions and the reasoning behind migration as a whole. In order to understand the reasons behind migration of people we must first define the various components of migration. Migration refers to the movement of an individual from his or her home country, also known as the source country to another country as his or her destination. The two main movements are involved include immigration and emigration. Immigration would be the movement of individuals into a country. Emigration is the movement of individuals from their home country. The balance between emigration and immigration would be known as net migration and this can be either positive or negative. Positive would be when immigration exceeds emigration and negative would be the reverse of that process. (Kar, 2006, 187) There are many different influences and consequences relative to migration for anyone that moves from where they originated. Factors that would have to do with migration include the economic growth and development of the country that people are leaving, specifically GDP, the level of domestic development, and finally income and quality of life within the countries. Another two factors include how urbanized an area would be and variations in that consideration along with levels of education that would in fact be available for children across the country of origin in place of isolated areas. Occasionally, the amount of US influence on a country can either adversely or conversely affect the amount of migration. We see this today as we build walls along the US and Mexican border. We see it in the denials for migrants that are entering this country from all over the world as the numbers increase exponentially. The US has gone so far as to create the Homeland Security office to ensure that human trafficking is policed, and have created new laws to create fencing between the US and Mexican border to prevent more immigrants from entering the country illegally. An attempt at appeasement for Mexico in regard to what was known as the bill to create a guest worker program failed in gaining the necessary acceptance. (Fletcher, 2003, 343) Migration from Mexico has generated a sizeable Mexican-born population in the United States. Mexican estimates compute this population in the range of 8 to 8.5 million, of which the non-authorized component is estimated between 3 and 3.5 million. The US Census Bureau estimates that there are more than nine million Mexican immigrants living in the United States. Of these, approximately 4.7 million, or over half, are undocumented. However, about 1.6 million, or one in five Mexicans, are naturalized US citizens (MPI, 2002, 1). Regulation and policing will only go so far in slowing the amount of migration. Force rarely facilitates the ability to have residents of one country to remain in that country and there have been no recent incentives to have many of them stay in their own countries. The US may provide aid, and this may actually end up causing further migration in place of bringing a halt to it. Aid is not always the answer, unless that aid is universal in content coming from many donors in place of one. References Fletcher, R; (2003); Beliefs and Knowledge: Believing and Knowing; Howard & Price. Kar, P; (2006); History and related application of Migration; Dasgupta & Chatterjee. Migration Policy Institute (MPI). (2002) Mexico: A Crucial Crossroads. Retrieved 1/9/2007 Â  

Human Capital Management

My decision to pursue the 9-month Master of Science in Management Studies (MSMS) program on offer at MIT Sloan School of Management was largely influenced by Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)’s Faculty of Business Administration invitation as one of the participating schools for this prestigious program. CUHK’s inclusion affords me the opportunity to fulfill my lifelong desire of acquiring a top-notch global business education from a world-class university.If accepted, enrolling for the MSMS program at MIT will be a kind of a homecoming. This is because of my prior sojourn to the United States for educational and vocational purposes. I had my college education at both Bentley College, Massachusetts and Washington University in St.Louis, Missouri, and I also had a professional stint at the Human Capital Practice unit of Deloitte Consulting which took me to American cities like Houston and Los Angeles.Afterwards, I had to take a diversion to the CUHK to pursue a full -time MBA program with a concentration in China Business. This was to enable me become well-grounded in modern Chinese business practices and also to catch up on developments leading to the emergence of China as the next global economic superpower.When I learnt about the CUMBA/MIT MSc in Management Studies Dual Degree Option, it turned out to be an opportunity of a lifetime. I discovered that the program will not only permit me to continue expanding on my knowledge of Chinese business but also empower me to develop a solid background on global best practices in international management.My academic interests will be focused majorly on issues bordering on work, labor, and employment relations as well as human resource management, labor market issues, and related public policies. I will like to investigate how to retain and motivate employees using incentives other than just pecuniary compensation. In addition, I will also be interested in examining key business topics like supply chai ns and corporate complianceEnrolling for the MIT Sloan MSMS program will also enable me to take advantage of MIT Sloan’s impressive research facilities and resources. Of particular interest to me is the Institute for Work & Employment Research (IWER), where I will be conducting a considerable piece of the research towards fulfilling my thesis requirements.I will be glad to tap into the institute’s over 50 years legacy of research and teaching about the changing world of work and employment and discover how I can apply the acquired know-how in the Chinese business terrain.Also worth exploring for me in greater depth is the MIT Sloan Management Review, the preeminent quarterly academic journal. I am a huge fan of this reliable source of innovative ideas for the 21st century business leader and would love the opportunity to contribute scholarly articles, or even get my Master’s thesis featured in a future edition of the journal.MIT Sloan’s intellectually eng aging student body, forward-thinking faculty, and extensive alumni network complete the list of key reasons for selecting the management school as my preferred destination for advanced degree study.I look forward to the prospect of meeting and collaborating with great minds, especially Professor Thomas Kochan, Co-director of IWER and George Maverick Bunker Professor of Management. I would be drawing a lot of inspiration from his thoughts and scholarly works on industrial relations, work and employment.ANSWER TO QUESTION NO. 2Restructuring Human Capital Management (HCM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in China would probably be a thesis topic I would pursue. Why? Because, often times, in China, the primary focus for company managers are how to reduce overhead cost, make huge profits, and deliver the highest possible returns for shareholders.For managers that care less about long term, this narrow, profit- oriented approach to business may suffice, but only for a very short period of time. However, for companies that want to stand the test of time and survive the vagaries of modern day business, a more balanced management style is non-negotiable.Of course, most Chinese companies already have structures in place to cater to Human Capital Management, and Corporate Social Responsibility. The essence of this thesis however, is to suggest ways to reform these structures and make it a little more robust and engaging.

Characteristics of a Good Friend Essay

The characteristics of a good friend to me is truthfulness , dependability and loyalty. I am going to give details on specific ways of being a good friend that benefit me. I plan to describe my opinions toward block style writing to give you further understanding about my beliefs as a good friend. Basic thoughts about being dependable , loyal , and trustworthy. A good friend is someone who is truthful to me , a person who never lies to me , about anything , whether it be good or bad. A good friend is someone who’s there for you when you going through problems. This is someone who will have your back through good or bad times. This person will be there when you need a helping hand. A good friend never back stab a true friend. This is someone who does not sugarcoat the message that he or she is delivering to me. This person is well brought up in a church and stable environment. As being a true friend he or she can be around my husband and never have to worry about them flirting or making a move towards him , or backstabbing. Someone who , when I ask a question, I need information about something, he or she gives me the real deal. Dependability is a major factor in my characteristics of a good friend. Why is it? Because this person is always there when I need them. I can feel comfortable knowing that when I need this person he or she will try their best to come through for me. Also, he or she is a team player, meaning that one knows when you are in the clutch and can call on them to help you. Then if they cannot help you at that particular time , they will not lie to you or mislead you in the wrong direction. Finally, this person has longevity track record with you. This particular person has been friends with you for a long time. This is someone you have confidence in. Loyalty fits perfectly with my characteristics of a good friend. Telling the truth by far , is one of the most honorable things that I look for in a friend. Being loyal is not about bowing down , but it is a respect that they and I share and understand. Loyalty is like having someone that you feel as though you can express your true feelings with. This type of person you can share secrets with. A friend is someone who loves you , not sexually , but in a friendly way. This individual has never broken the code. This special friend you have known for a very long time. Being loyal to me starts within yourself. A good friend who is loyal will never lie , or deceive you. Not to say that tis person is perfect , but they know the do’s and don’ts in the relationship. Being trustworthy lets me know ; who is for me and who is not for me. Being dependable , when I need this person he or she lets me know that I can trust this person. Also this person is loyal and you never has to worry about. It is a good thing to have someone who meets your expectations. Furthermore , when you sow good seeds , you shall reap good friends as well. This means that a friendship is beautiful , is honest , it is impeccable. A friendship sort of like having Jesus Christ in your life. ‘’He is my best friend.’’

Bloodlines Chapter Twenty-Six

IT TOOK DAYS for me to finally get the whole story, both about Lee and about how Eddie and Jill had come to the rescue that night. Once I had Lee as the missing piece, it was easy to connect the murders of Tamara, Kelly, Melody, and Dina, the human girl he'd mentioned. All of them had been killed within the last five years, in either Los Angeles or Palm Springs, and many had documented evidence of knowing him. They weren't random victims. What little we could find out about Lee's history came from Clarence, though even that was muddled. By our best guesses, Lee had been turned forcibly into a Strigoi about fifteen years ago. He'd spent ten years that way until a spirit user restored him, much to Lee's dismay. Clarence hadn't had all his wits about him even then and hadn't questioned how his son had returned home after ten years without aging. He evaded answering our questions about Lee being a Strigoi, and we didn't know if Clarence simply hadn't known or was in denial. Likewise, it was unclear if Clarence knew his own son was behind Tamara's death. The far-fetched vampire hunter theory was probably easier for h im to stomach than the murderous truth about his son. Investigations into Lee's college in Los Angeles showed he hadn't actually been enrolled there since before he became Strigoi. When he'd become Moroi again, he'd used college as an excuse to stay in Los Angeles, where he could more easily pursue victims – and we suspected there were more of them than we had records for. From what we'd observed, he'd apparently tried to drink from a few of each race, in the hopes that one of them would be â€Å"the one† to make him a Strigoi again. Further research into Kelly Hayes had uncovered something I should have thought of right away. She was a dhampir. She'd looked human, but that stellar sports record was the tip-off. Lee had stumbled onto her when visiting his father five years ago. Getting the drop on a dhampir wasn't easy, which was why Lee seemed to have gone to the effort of dating her and luring her in. None of us knew anything about the â€Å"bastard spirit user† who'd converted him, though that was of interest to both the Alchemists and the Moroi. There were very few spirit users on record, and with there still being so much unknown about their powers, everyone wanted to learn more. Clarence was adamant that he knew nothing about this mystery spirit user, and I believed him. Alchemists were in and out of Palm Springs all week, cleaning up the mess and interviewing everyone who'd been involved. I met with a number of them, telling my story over and over, and finally had my last debriefing with Stanton over lunch one Saturday. I'd kind of had a perverse interest in knowing what had happened to Keith but decided not to bring it up in light of everything else going on. He wasn't here, which was all I cared about. â€Å"Lee's autopsy revealed nothing that wasn't ordinary Moroi, according to their doctors,† Stanton told me between bites of linguine carbonara. Eating and discussing dead bodies weren't mutually exclusive, apparently. â€Å"But then, something†¦ magical likely wouldn't show up anyway.† â€Å"But there must be something special about him,† I said. I was simply moving my own food around the plate. â€Å"The fact that his aging slowed was proof enough – but the rest? I mean, he drank from so many victims. And then I saw what Jacqueline did to him. That should have worked. All the correct procedures were followed.† It amazed me that I could speak so clinically about this, that I could sound so detached. Really, though, it was just that second-nature Alchemist mode taking over. Inside me, the events of that night had left a permanent mark. When I closed my eyes at bedtime, I kept seeing Lee's death and Jacqueline feeding him the blood. Lee, who'd brought Jill flowers and taken us all mini-golfing. Stanton nodded thoughtfully. â€Å"Which suggests that those who are restored from being Strigoi are immune to ever being turned again.† We sat in silence for a moment, letting the weight of those words settle over us. â€Å"That's huge,† I said at last. Talk about an understatement. Lee presented a number of mysteries. He had begun aging once he became a Moroi again, but at a much slower rate. Why? We weren't sure, but that alone was a monumental discovery, as was my suspicion that he could no longer use Moroi magic. I'd been too freaked out to notice anything strange about Lee's behavior when Jill had asked him to create fog while we were golfing, but looking back, it occurred to me he'd actually looked nervous about her requests. And the rest†¦ the fact that something had changed in him, protected him, however unwillingly, from becoming Strigoi? Yeah. â€Å"Huge† was an understatement. â€Å"Very,† Stanton agreed. â€Å"Half our mission is to stop humans from choosing to sacrifice their souls for immortality. If there was a way to harness this magic, figure out what protected Lee†¦ well. The effects would be far-reaching.† â€Å"To the Moroi as well,† I pointed out. I knew that among them and the dhampirs, being forcefully turned Strigoi was often considered a fate worse than death. If there was some magical way to protect themselves, it would mean a lot since they encountered Strigoi far more than we did. We could be talking about some kind of magical vaccine. â€Å"Of course,† said Stanton, though her tone implied she wasn't nearly as concerned about that race's benefits. â€Å"It might even be possible to prevent the future creation of all Strigoi. There's also the mystery of your blood. You said the Strigoi didn't like it. That could be a type of protection too.† I shivered at the memory. â€Å"Maybe. It all happened so fast†¦ it's hard to say. And it was certainly no protection from the Strigoi wanting to snap my neck.† Stanton nodded. â€Å"It's certainly something to look into eventually. But first we have to figure out what exactly happened to Lee.† â€Å"Well,† I said, â€Å"spirit has to be a key player, right? Lee was restored by a spirit user.† A waiter came by, and Stanton waved her plate away. â€Å"Exactly. Unfortunately, we have a very limited quantity of spirit users to work with. Vasilisa Dragomir hardly has the time to experiment with her powers. Sonya Karp has volunteered to help, which is excellent news, especially since she's a former Strigoi herself. At the very least, we can observe the slowed aging firsthand. She's only available for a short while, and the Moroi haven't answered my request yet for some other useful individuals. But if we had another spirit user on hand, one with no other obligations to distract him from helping us fulltime†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She looked at me meaningfully. â€Å"Adrian?† I asked. â€Å"Do you think he'd help research this? Some magical way to protect against Strigoi conversion? Like I said, between Sonya and the others, he'd have help,† she added quickly. â€Å"I've spoken to the Moroi, and they're putting together a small group with expertise on Strigoi. They plan on sending them out soon. We just need Adrian to help.† â€Å"Wow. You guys move fast,† I murmured. At the words â€Å"Adrian† and â€Å"research,† my mind had put together images of him in a lab, wearing a white coat, bent over test tubes and beakers. I knew that the actual research wouldn't look anything like that, but it was a hard picture to shake. It was also hard to imagine Adrian seriously focused on anything. Except, I kept having that nagging thought that Adrian would focus if he only had something worth caring about. Was this important enough? I really wasn't sure. It was too hard to guess what purpose might be noble enough to get Adrian's attention. But I was pretty sure I knew some less-thannoble perks that might get him on board. â€Å"If you can get him his own place, I bet he'd do it,† I said finally. â€Å"He wants out of Clarence Donahue's pretty badly.† Stanton's eyebrows rose. She hadn't expected this. â€Å"Well. That's not a huge request, I suppose. And actually, we're already paying the bill for Keith's old apartment since he took out a year-long lease. Mr. Ivashkov could simply move into there, except†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Except what?† Stanton gave a small shrug. â€Å"I was going to offer it to you. After much discussion, we've decided to simply make you the Alchemist on point here, in light of Keith's†¦ unfortunate departure. You could leave Amberwood, move into his apartment, and simply oversee activities from there.† I frowned. â€Å"But I thought you wanted someone with Jill all the time.† â€Å"We do. And we've actually found a better choice – no offense. The Moroi were able to locate a dhampir girl Jill's age, who could not only serve as Jill's roommate but also as a bodyguard. She'll be joining the researchers who are coming out. You don't have to pose as a student anymore.† The world reeled. Alchemist schemes and plans, always in motion. A lot had been decided in this week, it seemed. I considered what this meant. No more homework, no more high school politics. Freedom to come and go when I wanted. But it also meant removing myself from the friends I'd made – Trey, Kristin, Julia. I'd still see Eddie and Jill, but not to the same extent. And if I was on my own, would the Alchemists – or my father – help fund college classes? Unlikely. â€Å"Do I have to leave?† I asked Stanton. â€Å"Can I give the apartment to Adrian and stay on at Amberwood for a while? At least until we figure out if we can get another place for me?† Stanton didn't bother hiding her surprise. â€Å"I didn't expect you'd want to stay on. I figured you'd especially be happy to no longer room with a vampire.† And like that, all the fears and pressure I'd faced before coming to Palm Springs descended on me. Vamp lover. I was an idiot. I should've been jumping at the chance to get away from Jill. Any other Alchemist would. In offering to stay, I was likely putting myself under suspicion again. How could I explain that there was so much more to my choice than just a change of roommate? â€Å"Oh,† I said, keeping a neutral face. â€Å"When you said you were getting Jill a dhampir her own age, I figured she'd be the roommate and I wouldn't have to room with Jill anymore. I thought I'd have my own in the dorm.† â€Å"That can probably be arranged†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And honestly, after some of the things that have happened, I'd feel better still keeping an eye on Jill. It'll be easier if I'm at the school. Besides, if it takes an apartment to make Adrian happy and work on this Strigoi mystery, then that's what we need to do. I can wait.† Stanton studied me for several long seconds, breaking the silence only when the waiter dropped the bill off. â€Å"That's very professional of you. I'll look into the arrangements.† â€Å"Thank you,† I said. A happy feeling welled up in me, and I almost smiled, picturing Adrian's face when he heard about his new place. â€Å"There's just one more thing I don't understand,† remarked Stanton. â€Å"When we investigated the apartment, we saw some fire damage. But none of you who were there reported any.† I put on a contrived frown. â€Å"Honestly†¦ so much of it's a blur with the blood loss and the biting†¦ I'm not really sure. Keith had some candles. I don't know if one got lit†¦ or I don't know. All I keep thinking about is those teeth and how terrible it was when I was bit – â€Å" â€Å"Yes, yes,† said Stanton. My excuse was flimsy, but even she wasn't entirely impervious to the thought of being fed on by a vampire. It was pretty much an Alchemist's worse nightmare, and I was entitled to my trauma. â€Å"Well, don't worry about it. That fire is the least of our worries.† It wasn't the least of my worries. And when I got back to campus later that day, I finally dealt with it and hunted Ms. Terwilliger down where she was working in one of the library offices. â€Å"You knew,† I said, shutting the door. All thoughts of student-teacher protocol vanished from my head. I'd been sitting on my anger for a week and could now finally let it out. I'd spent my life being taught to respect sources of authority, but now one of those had just betrayed me. â€Å"Everything you made me do†¦ copying those spell books, making that amulet ‘just to see what it was like'!† I shook my head. â€Å"It was all a lie. You knew†¦ you knew it was†¦ real.† Ms. Terwilliger took off her glasses and peered at me carefully. â€Å"Ah, so I take it you tried it?† â€Å"How could you do that to me?† I exclaimed. â€Å"You have no idea how I feel about magic and the supernatural!† â€Å"Oh,† she said dryly. â€Å"I do actually. I know all about your organization.† She tapped her cheek, mirroring the one my tattoo was on. â€Å"I know why your ‘sister' is excused from outdoor activities and why your ‘brother' excels in sports. I'm very informed about the various forces at work in our world, those hidden from most human eyes. Don't worry, my dear. I'm certainly not going to tell anyone. Vampires aren't my concern.† â€Å"Why?† I asked, deciding not to acknowledge her outing everything I strove to keep secret. â€Å"Why me? Why did you make me do that – especially if you claim you know how I feel?† â€Å"Mmm†¦ a couple of reasons. Vampires, as you know, wield a sort of internal magic. They connect with the elements on a very basic, almost effortless level. Humans, however, have no such connection.† â€Å"Humans aren't supposed to use magic,† I said coldly. â€Å"You made me do something that violated my beliefs.† â€Å"For humans to do magic,† she continued, as though I hadn't spoken, â€Å"we must wrest it from the world. It doesn't come so easily. Sure, vampires use spells and ingredients occasionally, but nothing like what we must do. Their magic goes from the inside out. Ours comes from the outside in. It takes so much effort, so much concentration and exact calculation†¦ well, most humans don't have the patience or skill. But someone like you? You've been grilled in those painstaking techniques since the time you could talk.† â€Å"So that's all it takes to use magic? An ability to organize and measure?† I didn't bother hiding my scorn. â€Å"Of course not.† She laughed. â€Å"There is a certain natural talent needed as well. An instinct that combines with discipline. I sensed it in you. You see, I have some proficiency myself. It gives me coven status but is still relatively small. You? I can feel a wellspring of power in you, and my little experiment proved as much.† I felt cold all over. â€Å"That's a lie,† I said. â€Å"Vampires use magic. Not humans. Not me.† â€Å"That amulet didn't light itself on fire,† she said. â€Å"Don't deny what you are. And now that we've determined as much, we can move on. Your innate power might be greater than mine, but I can get you started in basic magical training.† I couldn't believe I was hearing this. It wasn't real. It was like something from a movie because no way was this my life. â€Å"No,† I exclaimed. â€Å"You're†¦ you're crazy! Magic's not real, and I don't have any! It's unnatural and wrong. I won't endanger my soul.† â€Å"So much denial for such a good scientist,† she mused. â€Å"I'm serious,† I said, barely recognizing my own voice. â€Å"I want nothing to do with your occult studies. I'm happy to go on taking notes and buying you coffee, but if you keep making these kinds of crazy statement and demands†¦ I'll go to the office and demand to be switched to another teacher. Believe me, when it comes to working bureaucracy and administrative staff, that is something I have innate power in.† She almost smiled, but then it faded. â€Å"You mean that. You'd really reject this amazing potential – this discovery – that you have?† I didn't answer. â€Å"So be it.† She sighed. â€Å"It's a loss. And a waste. But you have my word that I won't bring it up again unless you do.† â€Å"That,† I said vehemently, â€Å"is not going to happen.† Ms. Terwilliger merely shrugged by way of answer. â€Å"Well, then. Since you're here, you might as well go get me some coffee.† I moved toward the door and then thought of something. â€Å"Were you the one calling Nevermore and asking about vampires?† â€Å"Why in the world would I do that?† she asked. â€Å"I already know where to find them.† Great, I thought. Another mystery. I made it to the cafeteria later that day just as Eddie, Jill, and Micah were finishing dinner. Jill was understandably having a difficult time adjusting to Lee's death and all the revelations we'd uncovered – including his desire to make her his undead queen. Both Eddie and I had talked to her as much as we could, but Micah seemed to have the greatest soothing effect on her. I think it was because he never openly addressed the topic. He knew Lee had died but thought it was an accident and naturally knew none of the vampiric connections. While Eddie and I constantly tried our hand at being amateur psychologists, Micah simply tried to distract her and make her happy. â€Å"We have to go,† he said apologetically when I sat down. â€Å"Rachel Walker is going to give us a lesson on one of the sewing machines.† Eddie shook his head at him. â€Å"I still don't know why you signed up for sewing club.† That wasn't true, of course. We both knew exactly why Micah had joined. Jill's face wore the grave look it had had since Lee's death – a look she would carry for a while, I suspected – but the ghost of a smile flickered over her lips. â€Å"I think Micah has the makings of a real fashion designer. Maybe I'll walk in his show one day.† I shook my head, hiding my own smile. â€Å"No modeling of any kind, not for a while.† After the show, Lia and other designers had gotten in touch, all wanting to work with Jill again. We'd had to refuse in order to protect her identity here, but it had made Jill sad to have to do it. Jill nodded. â€Å"I know, I know.† She stood up with Micah. â€Å"I'll see you back in our room later, Sydney. I'd like to talk some more.† I nodded. â€Å"Absolutely.† Eddie and I watched them hurry off. I sighed. â€Å"That's going to be a problem,† I told him. â€Å"Maybe,† he agreed. â€Å"But she knows what she can and can't do with him. She's smart. She'll be responsible.† â€Å"But he doesn't know,† I said. â€Å"I feel like Micah's fallen for her too much already.† I eyed Eddie carefully. â€Å"Among other people.† Eddie was still watching Micah and Jill, so it took him a moment to pick up on my meaning. He jerked his gaze back to me. â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"Eddie, I'm not going to claim to be any expert in romance, but even I can tell that you're crazy about Jill.† He promptly looked away, though his flush betrayed him. â€Å"That's not true.† â€Å"I've seen it all along, but it wasn't until that night at Keith's that I really understood what I was seeing. I saw how you looked at her. I know how you feel about her. So, what I want to know is: how come we have to keep worrying about Micah at all? Why aren't you just asking her out and saving us all a lot of trouble?† â€Å"Because she's my sister,† he said wryly. â€Å"Eddie! I'm serious.† He made a face, took a deep breath, and then turned back toward me. â€Å"Because she can do better than me. You want to talk about social rules? Well, where we come from, Moroi and dhampirs don't have serious relationships.† â€Å"Yeah, but that's like a class thing,† I said. â€Å"It's not quite the same as humans and vampires.† â€Å"Maybe not, but with her, it might as well be. She's not just any Moroi. She's royal. A princess. And you've seen how she is! Smart and strong and beautiful. She's destined for great things, and one of them isn't being involved with a controversial guardian like me. Her bloodline's regal. Hell, I don't even know who my dad is. Dating her is not even possible. My job is to protect her. To keep her safe. That's where all my attention needs to be.† â€Å"And so you think she deserves being with a human instead?† I asked incredulously. â€Å"Dancing the line of a taboo upheld by both our races?† â€Å"It's not ideal,† he admitted. â€Å"But she can still have a fun social life and – â€Å" â€Å"What if it was another guy?† I interrupted. â€Å"What if some other human asked her out, and they simply went on a casual date? Would you be okay with that?† He didn't answer, and I knew my hunch was correct. â€Å"This is about more than you not feeling worthy of Jill,† I said. â€Å"This is about Micah too, isn't it? About how he reminds you of Mason.† Eddie blanched. â€Å"How do you know about that?† â€Å"Adrian told me.† â€Å"Damn him,† said Eddie. â€Å"Why can't he be as oblivious as he pretends?† I smiled at that. â€Å"You don't owe Micah anything. You certainly don't owe him Jill. He's not Mason, no matter how much they look alike.† â€Å"It's more than looks,† said Eddie, growing pensive. â€Å"It's the way they act too. Micah's the same – outgoing, optimistic, excited. That's how Mason was. There are too few people like that in the world: people who are genuinely good. Mason was taken away from the world too soon. I won't let that happen to Micah.† â€Å"Micah's not in danger,† I said gently. â€Å"But he deserves good things. And even if he's human, he's still one of the best matches I know of for Jill. They deserve each other. They both deserve good things.† â€Å"And so, you're going to let yourself suffer as a result? Because you're so in love with Jill and convinced that she deserves some prince that you aren't? And because you feel it's your duty to support all the Masons in the world?† I shook my head. â€Å"Eddie, that's crazy. Even you have to see that.† â€Å"Maybe,† he admitted. â€Å"But I feel like it's the right thing to do.† â€Å"Right? It's the masochistic thing to do! You're encouraging the girl you want to be with one of your best friends.† â€Å"I want her to be happy. It's worth sacrificing myself.† â€Å"It makes no sense.† Eddie gave me a small smile and a gentle pat on the arm before turning toward an approaching shuttle bus. â€Å"Remember when you said you were no expert in romance? Well, you were right.†

Write a letter to Obama on the national defense authorization act and Research Paper

Write a letter to Obama on the national defense authorization act and how it is not constitutional - Research Paper Example Section 1021 and 1022 of the National Defense Authorization Act allow and grant authority to the counter-terrorism unit and the Armed forces to detain any individual (more so a United States citizen) who is suspected of being involved in terrorism. This section is against the first ten amendments of the US constitution which are in accordance with the Bill of Rights. The rights of the detained person are infringed upon and especially the rights to movement and liberty (www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights.html). The above information is also supported by the American Civil liberties Union (ACLU) whose main aim and objective is protection of individual’s human rights and liberties according to the US constitution. This human rights group has been in the forefront to support in supporting the constitution and where the constitution is breached it has also to complain and demand for an amendment (www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html). According to the courthouse news service which reports on all court activities (http://www.courthousenews.com/2012/05/16/46550.htm), on the 16th of May 2012, a US District court Judge Katherine Forrest passed a ruling blocking the implementation of this statute. According to her ruling, the Act was contrary to the first and the fifth amendment of the United States Constitution and therefore did not protect the citizens of US against unlawful detention by the military on suspicion of being involved in terroristic acts. Judge has taken an oath to rule governed by the constitution and hence anything that is against the constitution should not be put to action. The constitution is a powerful tool and protector of the citizens of US and therefore any Act or declaration going against it is deemed as unfriendly and threatening the security offered by the constitution.

Discuss the invasions of the barbarians and the influence of St Essay

Discuss the invasions of the barbarians and the influence of St. Augustine and the Celts as well as the rise of monasticism and - Essay Example The paper explores the rise of monasticism and Islam, the invasions of the barbarians and the influence of St. Augustine and the Celts. Discussion Celtic Christianity represents features of Christianity that were prominent across Celtic world in the Early Middle Ages. A spotlight on monasticism centering on the sequestered life of monks and nun provides an example of Celtic Christian practice. True ecclesiastical power within the Celtic world lay in the hands of monasteries instead of bishops of dioceses, and the ideal of monasticism collectively esteemed within Celtic Christianity (Noble 192). St. Benedict established his Monastic Rule, which established a system of regulations for the basis and running of monasteries. Monasticism gained prominence throughout Europe and gave rise to numerous early center of learning. The way of addressing monastic varies between the diverse Christian traditions based on their rank and monastic tradition. As early as the 3rd century, the ascetical li fe had attained a noteworthy expansion within the church in North Africa witnessed by the presence of existence of number monasteries at Carthage by the year 400. The structure in which monasticism spread from North Africa to all of the Western Christianity emanates partly from St. Augustine influence. Saint Augustine, Bishop of Hippo was both a theologian and philosopher, and can be regarded as one of the most prominent figures within the development of Western Christianity (Noble 193). When the Roman Empire fell, and the faith of numerous Christians was at stake, Augustine established the concept of Church as a spiritual City of God separate from the material city of Man. The Roman’s utilized the term â€Å"barbarians† to refer to individuals who lived outside the boundaries of the Empire. The middle Ages period can be connected to the fall of the Western Roman Empire within the fifth century to the start of the Renaissance in the fifth century. The collapse of the R oman government accompanied a decline in trade, learning, infrastructure, and security. The Early Middle Ages witnessed the emergence of monasticism in the west. The form of European monasticism derived from the traditional ideas that emanated from within the deserts and Syria. The presence of Christianity within Africa started within the middle of 1st century in Egypt, and by the end of 2nd century within the region around Carthage. The later rise of Islam within North Africa reduced the size and numbers of Christian congregations sparing the Coptic Church in Egypt, the Nubian Church within Sudan, and Ethiopian Orthodox Church. The decline and total desertion of this flourishing Church can be regarded as a sad fact of history. The Arab Muslim incursion of North Africa that started around 643 was completed by the fall of Carthage (698) and Ceuta (709). The Muslim heralded the extinction of Christianity, minimizing the number of bishoprics by the time of Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085). The disappearance of the Church in North Africa can be explained by: the presence of Donatism within the Church in North Africa, which significantly minimized the Church’s interior strength; despite, the Catholic victory over the Donatists at a meeting held in 411 (Carthage), Donatism did not entirely disappear and was still evident in North Africa

Candidate for the position of Chief of the Virtual Police Department Research Paper

Candidate for the position of Chief of the Virtual Police Department - Research Paper Example Community policing works towards ensuring that both the police and the citizens come together to prevent the occurrences and as well brings resolution to neighborhood conflicts. Community policing emphasizes on stoppage of the crimes or any other evil acts before they happen. It does not just deal with just making responses to calls after the occurrences of a crime. Its aim is to prevent the crimes and dealing with it in the process it is occurring. Furthermore, Community policing ensure that citizens get a lot of control of their lives’ quality control and regulation in their societies. The policing would mean that the corps becomes part and a fraction of the neighborhood. Community Policing also helps in ensuring that the police get a better understanding and knowledge of the demands of the citizens. Consequently, the citizens will gain trust in the police officers and their services to the community (Stevens, 1995). They will gain confidence in the police and respect and co rporate with them. In other words, the community works hand in hand with the department of the police in the community. If people believe that the community policy is in practice in their society, these people will be more possibly willing to give their good opinions, ideas and perceptions of these police. Moreover, in collaboration, both the community and police department will show togetherness in their work for them to accomplish their shared interests and objectives of creating a better and safer environment to dwell in. Together to attain shared objectives of a safer, better place to live. It is an indication of democracy and freedom in practice. Moreover, community policing is taken as an efficient and effective way to enhance the goodness of life within a community. Moreover, community policing also does a very significant role in giving meaning to the two aspects of policing. These are

Housing and Kitchen Reform in the Post-War Era Research Paper

Housing and Kitchen Reform in the Post-War Era - Research Paper Example Political ideologies determined the kind of domestic life that people adopted. This paper will discuss how these ideologies affected the reform in architecture and design. Great Kitchen Debate The great kitchen debate happened in 1959 in a Moscow exhibition. The debate erupted as Nixon guided Khrushchev through the half kitchen in the exhibition1. After the Russian leader caught sight of the newest model of the American kitchen, he reacted in disregard of the capitalist luxury portrayed in the architectural design of the kitchen in the subject (Figure 1). Nixon tried to highlight the fact that the kitchen was a model that featured the essence of giving women easier work in the kitchen. In order to ascertain the logic behind the debate, there is a justification of examining architecture of the kitchen in question2. The Evolution of the Kitchen in America in the Post War Period After the Second World War, every American wanted to own a house. At this time, multiple slums offered inadeq uate space insufficient space. In a bid to solve this problem, modernism in architecture resulted. There proved to be a dire need of providing people with sufficiency and convenience in their houses. This need led to the innovation of architectural design. ... The process involved evolution of the kitchen architectural space into an organization that symbolized consumption and hygiene. According to the streamlining ideology, the kitchen adopted a linear sequence that had gained popularity in America’s industrial setting (Figure 2). The sequence was a symbol of the active flow of activity in the kitchen, analogous to the real picture in the industrial setting. The kitchen portrayed the highest reflection of the rampant technological advances during that period3. In addition, it served as a bookmark of the American values and consumer habits. The materials used in the kitchen floors, walls, and appliances were an indication of the latest innovations in the American society. Streamlining of the kitchen involved effective use of the available space. Usually, cabinets assumed a linear arrangement. In addition, architecture in the post war period had aspects of the ease with which Americans had started taking life. Architecture of the Pos t War Kitchen The post war kitchen had a sink beneath the window and consisted of inbuilt-wall to wall cabinets. The ‘kitchen work triangle ‘concept of designing a kitchen in the new era took its roots. The guidelines for designing an effective kitchen in the 1950s demanded that the door should have a door that presents the kitchen with a clear opening. In addition, the door should allow should not cause a distraction to the functioning of any of the appliances. The design and position of the inbuilt cabinets should leave free space for operations. The free space, commonly designated as the triangle working area, had set dimensions. In essence, the total distance travelled in the work area could not exceed 26† (Figure 3). The work triangle resulted from