UK immigration system - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1241 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Level High school Did you like this example? BACKGROUND TO RESEACH The United Kingdom Points Based System (PBS) was introduced by the Labour government in February 2008 to replace the complex visa system. The new points based system is governed by Immigration rules. The UK Border Agency (UKBA) introduced this new immigration control system to manage applications from people who wish to come to the UK to study, work and do business. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "UK immigration system" essay for you Create order Points System are designed to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"maximise surplusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ that is, the part of the additional output and income generated by immigration.[1] Points Based System is classified into five different tiers namely:- Tier 1: Highly Skilled migrants, Entrepreneurs, Investors General (now closed) Entrepreneurs For those who want to set up or take over an existing business, and be actively involved in running a business in the UK. Investors For those who want to make a substantial financial investment in the UK. Like the entrepreneurs, it offers three years grant of leave.[2] Post study work (now closed) Exceptional Talent For those who have exceptional talents in the arts or sciences. Graduate Entrepreneurs For graduates who have been identified by a UK university holding a world class entrepreneurial skills to apply to stay in the UK after graduation. Tier 2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Skilled Workers outside the European Economic Area (EEA) General for people coming to the United Kingdom with a job offer to fill a vacant position that cannot be filled by people in the UK. Intra Company Transfers For Employees of multinational firms who are being transferred by an overseas employer to a skilled job in a UK-based branch of the organisation Ministers of Religion For Preaching and Pastoral work, missionaries or members of religious orders Sportsperson For internationally established sportsperson and coaches at highest level. However, to qualify under this tier, you need a sponsorship from an organisation that has a valid certificate of sponsor registered with the UK Border Agency. Tier 3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Unskilled Temporary Migration Unskilled (never open) Tier 4 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" International Students Students (General) for post-16 education Students (Child) for children aged between 4 and 16 attending independent schools. New restrictions were implemented on the 6th of April, 2012. All studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ visas are classed under tier 4 and to qualify, applicant must have a valid confirmation of Acceptance for Studies from a university or a recognised education institution. Tier 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Temporary Workers, Working Holiday Makers Youth mobility For Working holiday makers (restricted to a few countries) Temporary Workers For creative and sporting, Charity worker, religious, Government Authorised exchange and international agreement. Applicants must be able to prove that they have enough funds to support themselves of which not less than  £1600. They must provide documentary evidence to support this, dated no earlier than one month before applying for entry clearance. Under the Points Based System (PBS) an applicant has to show that they are entitled to the requisite number of points for Attributes, English Skills and funds. There are different numbers of points required under these three criteria and they can be found in Part 6A of the Immigration rules. [3] Over the years, the rules have been edited and disjointed and the necessary information is spread large and wide across the Immigration rules. The process of applying the rules to any given case is complicated by the many and varied transitional provisions which apply. Due to the very many amendments that has been made to the PBS over the years, different rules apply to applications made within the same categories depending upon the date th e application was made or the date the applicant was last granted leave. Under the new system, anyone wanting to come to or remain in the UK will need to show that they meet immigration requirements and that they have enough points to qualify. Points are earned in different ways, such as qualifications and earnings, and in the majority of cases, migrants will need a sponsor who has Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS) and Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies if applying as a tier 4 (CAS). PUBLIC RECEPTION OF MIGRANTS One of the reasons for the move to a new immigration system was the perceived need to restore public trust on immigration laws and controls. During its introduction; the system was criticised by the then government opposition, The Conservative Party. This is due to the lapses found in the area where there are lacks on the overall cap to the numbers of people who can qualify under the pointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s based system[4]. There are concerns where the new sy stem fails to provide for the low-skilled migrants from outside of the EEA, this might cause shortages in construction industry. Moreover, business, schools and universities that use Points Based System are faced with increase of regulatory burden. Both Business (Tier 2) and educational establishments (Tier 4 student visas) have to comply with UK Border Authority (UKBA) regulations in order to gain sponsorship accreditation. This involves setting up of an immigrant monitoring system with regular reporting to UKBA on workers and students. This dissertation will attempt to determine the reasons behind the change of formal immigration rules to the Points-Based System by asking the question: Why was the Points Based System introduced and adopted in the UK? Through analysis of these new rules and its accompanying literature, as well as impact of the change on the economy, this dissertation will establish that the introduction of the PBS is a means to assert control over and manage Non à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"European immigration influx into the United Kingdom and also to know the effect this has on the economy. This dissertation will also include an overview of the UK immigration policies; looking at theories behind the different policies and why the constant change in the policies. In so doing, the reasons behind these policies will help to shed more light on the introduction of the PBS. It will also show the many factors that have helped to create previous policies, such as migrant origin, labour and demographic needs and security, which has also play an important role with the PBS. Following this, there will be an analysis of the PBS policy and the impact it has on the economy of United Kingdom. This analysis will elucidate on how the PBS works, who it affects and how. To enhance and provide a more complete overview to the analysis of the change, and thus, go beyond the explicit wording of the policy, media coverage including speeches and newspaper arti cles on the PBS will be analysed. These analyses will reveal public perceptions of both immigration in general and the change in policy. By a comparison between government and public opinion will prove that politicians and policymakers react to public demands in formulating immigration policy especially the Points Based System. REFERENCES Craig, P. and De BÃÆ' ºrca, G. (2003) EU law: text, cases and materials. 3rd edition, OUP Halibronner, K. (2010) EU immigration and asylum laws: commentary on EU regulations and directives. Hart HJT Immigration Manual Jackson, D C. and Berry, A. (2008) Immigration law and practice.4th edition. Tottel Ruhs, M. (2008) Economic research and labour policy https://www.parliament.uk/topics/immigrationarchive.htm accessed on 12/12/2014 https://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/migration-statistics-quarterly-report/may-2012/index.html accessed today 13/12/2014 (Migration Statistics Quarterly Report, May 2012) https://www.gov.u k/government/collections/sponsorship-information-for-employers-and-educators www.gov.uk/government/collections/sponsorship-information-for-employers-and-educators 1 [1] Ruhs, M. (2008) Economic research and labour policy [2] Investors. UK Border Agency [3] https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/immigration-rules-part-6a [4] Patrick Wintour (06-12-2007). Smith seeks to restore trust in immigration system. London: The Guardian. Retrieved 16-03-2008

Of mimicry and man - 1676 Words

A Critical Commentary of Homi Bhabha’s ‘Of Mimicry and Man: The ambivalence of Colonial discourse’ Homi Bhabha explains the weaknesses of colonial discourse by suggesting that the techniques which ‘broadcast the dominance and impenetrability’ (Kumar-Das 1992:362) of the subject causes its weaknesses to arise. Bhabha makes a psychoanalytic analysis based on the work of Jacques Lacan and Frantz Fanon, among several authors. His definition of colonial mimicry takes the form of discussing the issues within colonial discourse whilst reflecting on his own personal views of the matter. In this way, he discloses the contradictions within colonial discourse which show the colonizers ambivalence from his position through the colonized†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœHe told them about this new God’ (Achebe, 2010, p. 136) in the novel, the community are subjected to the religion of Christianity through the rule of the colonizers. Bhabha compares his own work with that of other theorists such as Lacan, which acts as a good source of evaluation for his work. This gives Bhabha’s argument historical validity. Also, he suggests how his work is similar to others such as that of Fanon and supports his theory by using quotes from them. Furthermore, the work of Cesaire is mentioned for analysis and to support his argument. However, Bhabha does not fully answer the argument discussed in his work for example, what does the tool of mimicry used by this power achieve? He does not identify this question. One of the obvious issues with his work is the analysis of colonial identity, which emerges from the difficult relationship between the colonizer and the colonized. This relationship forms an aggressive and neurotic condition that takes place completely outside of the civilizing aspirations of colonial rule, Christian missionaries and philanthropic societies. Particularly, he studies the identity between the two subjects and concentrates on the ambivalence created which he mentions persistently throughout his work. His critical work comes from the theory of psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud 1899), who used the term of ambivalence toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Planet Of The Apes Satire740 Words   |  3 PagesLanden’s memory. In the book civilization of humans on Earth is equal to and may even surpass the civilization of the apes on Sorror. The point of view in the book is through Ulysees’ mind. He is clam and patient. Taylor in the movie is an impatient angry man who is neve r satisfied and is outraged by the fact that apes are running the planet and have locked him up. In the movie Taylor is a misanthrope who is hot-tempered and not respectful to the apes. He calls them quot;Bloody Baboons!quot; Taylor leftRead MoreImmortality Is Granted To The Individual Through Social1439 Words   |  6 Pagesfoster dehumanization. Emotion contagion and behavioral mimicry are group-influenced var-iables that allow group members to navigate a less ambiguous world. Keywords: group influence, social identification, transcendence, persuasion, deindividuation I Don’t Think, Therefore I Am (Part of the Group) In the search for knowledge, meaning, and harmony, social groups are formed. Social identification is the process whereby the common man may become immortal amongst his peers, reducing theRead MoreOedipus Rex As Modern Tragedy : Catharsis Or Cognitive Emotion883 Words   |  4 Pagesexamine the tragedy from the perspective of emotional empathy and use this framework to consider Rex s ability to transition from cognitive empathy to emotional empathy strong enough to result in catharsis. Throughout history, many have believed that man s ability to produce a poetic reflection of the world around him is what sets him apart from lesser lifeforms. 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The drama surrounds the story of a young woman called Anowa who disobeys her parents by marrying Kofi Ako, a man who has a reputation for indolence and migrates with him to a far place. Childless after several years of marriage Anowa realises that Kofi had sacrificed his manhood for wealth. Upon Anowa’s realisation Kofi in disgrace shoots himself whiles AnowaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Of The Atlantic 964 Words   |  4 Pagesstepping stones in which the men use to continue on their path. In his essay To Know the Difference: Mimicry, Satire, and Thomas King s Green Grass, Running Water Horne Dee, although it was not the purpose of his essay, showcases exactly this with one phrase. â€Å"These women, as well as the four male/female Indian tricksters, redeem the mimic men. They teach the men to value who they are and to reject mimicry/assimilation† (p.255). While taking a completely different approach, and studying a completely differentRead MoreGlobalization and Western Dominated Policies in Africa2022 Words   |  8 Pages Abderrahmane Sissako’s film Bamako (2006) and Homi Bhabha’s essay â€Å"Of Mimicry and Man: The Ambivalence of Colonial Discourse† both explore how the globalization and Western-dominated policies affect the deepest levels of everyday life of ordinary Africans. In his essay Bhabha defines Mimicry as the subordination of the eastern countries on the hands of the ruling classes and the resultant effect of this domination. The thematic similarities between Sissako’s film and Bhabha’s essay go beyond theirRead MoreColonialism, By Lois Tyson Essay1775 Words   |  8 PagesTyson calls this mimicry, or â€Å"the imitation, by a subaltern, of the dress, speech, behavior, or lifestyle of the members of the dominant culture,† which is not intended to mock the dominant culture but rather reveals the subaltern’s desire to be a part of and gain approval from the dominant culture (Tyson 249). As a result, Tyson argues that, â€Å"if one imitates members of the dominant culture without believing that one’s own culture is inferior†¦ then one is not practicing mimicry in the postcolonialRead More2.1 Mimicry 2.1.1 Overview of mimicry Numbers of studies have shown that people mimic others3400 Words   |  14 Pages2.1 Mimicry 2.1.1 Overview of mimicry Numbers of studies have shown that people mimic others behaviour. Mimicry is a terms use when people imitate others doing (Stel Vonk, 2010). Imitate here means that follow, copy, or repeat what others do. Other terms usually use to represent mimicry are synchrony, mirroring (Parrill Kimbara, 2006), behaviour matching and interactional synchrony (Lakin, Jefferis, Cheng, Chartrand, 2003). Mimicry can be in verbal and non-verbal form. For verbal, it includes

Definitions And Development Of Deontological And...

Introduction This essay will include the background and development of deontological and teleological ethics. Also, it will compare and contrast the absolute and relative ethics. Finally, it will contain the ethical issues which can affect the operational activities of the business. In order to support the points, it will also include the real life examples. AC 1.1 - Background and development of ethical approaches Teleological ethic - this describes an ethical theory which judges the rightness of an action in terms of an external goal or purpose. So, according to a teleological theory, consequences always play some part, be it small or large, in the determination of what one should or should not do. Not all teleological theories are consequentialist. John Rawls theory of justice is teleological, but not consequentialist because it claims that consequences are only part of what must be considered when determining what policy is morally just. For example, animal testing is the moral choice to put animal through pain or not. The reason behind defining animal testing in a make up factory it is for a greater good as if the animal gets hurt now, people are saved later as people will be able to use the products that are developed and safe to use later. This is teleological because the moral choice was decided upon the probability of a good outcome: the animal is tested upon, people would be able to get a safe makeup products. A consequentialist action is one where the beingShow MoreRelatedFeldman: Businesses as Social Agents742 Words   |  3 PagesFeldman (2012) is a retired corporate lawyer with extensive experience in his field, having served a number of American corporations and in some, having been instrumental in their development. In this particular article he describes the focus of the current crop of business organizations on the bottom-line. He believes that outsourcing, cost-cutting and downsizing activities geared towards the bottom-line forgets the impact of an active and extensive business enterprise to society - it employs, itRead MoreEthics Of The Sacred And Our Fellow Human Beings1610 Words   |  7 Pagesabout ethics by introducing the question â€Å"how are we to live in relation to the Sacred and our fellow human beings?† (Livingston 259). There are three traditional ways of thinking about and approaching philosophical ethics: deontological ethics, teleological ethics, and virtue ethics. Furthermore, there are three sources and norms from which moral authority can be drawn. Those sources are cosmic or natural law, moral exemplars and ethical prophets, and the divine command theory. Deontological ethicsRead MoreHumans, Animals, And Nature2341 Words   |  10 Pagesentailing that this is morally acceptable as long as the animal is not any worse off than it was before. Opponents of genetic engineering have criticised Rollin on deontological grounds by positing that we must look beyond animal welfare and take an animal’s intrinsic value into consideration. In this paper I will examine both deontological critiques of animal genetic engineering and Rollin’s consequentialist approach. In doing so, I will discuss whether the neo-Aristotelian notion of telos needs toRead MoreEthics, Teleological And Virtue Ethics2117 Words   |  9 Pagesthis term we have learned a lot about ethics and how we should carry ourselves in our daily lives. Certain situations makes being ethical a little difficult to do as we have seen in this course, but because it’s not easy doesn’t mean we should not stick to doing the right things. These are some of the thing s that we have learned this term: â€Å"Normative ethical systems can generally be broken down into three categories: deontological, teleological and virtue ethics. 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Argumentative Essay On Human Trafficking - 1958 Words

I became interested in human trafficking through something my Aunt commented on. She has been big on human trafficking for a long time. It started one day when she was talking about it at a family gathering. I was not paying attention at the time, but I somehow ended up volunteering to go to a lecture about the subject. I admit I was not all excited to go but I thought maybe I can learn something new. As it turns out there was so much about human trafficking that I did not know. The lecture was given by Anne Michelle Ellis at Mt. San Jacinto College, and it was filled with stories about how many people do not choose to get trafficked, but they sometimes end up making one wrong decision and it sends their life into a flat spin that they can†¦show more content†¦Human trafficking takes several forms. In Article 3, paragraph (a) of the â€Å"Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons† defines Trafficking in Persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. These individuals are usually isolated from their families. By separating the victims from all that is familiar to them, it makes it much easier for them to be controlled and even more difficult for them to seek help. According to the United Nations, human smuggling and trafficking are some of the fastest growing areas of international criminal activity. It often involves some different crimes, spanning several countries. It is estimated that there are between 600,000 to 800,000 trafficking victims of globally. A person can be smuggled either clandestinely or through deception or fraudulent documents. Most people who are assisted in illegally entering the United States are smuggled, rather than trafficked. The purpose from the beginning of the trafficking enterprise is to profit from the exploitation of the victim. ItShow MoreRelatedFounding Brothers9626 Words   |  39 PagesThis way it would create little fuss. The next day, Jacksons fears proved accurate. A new petition arrived in the House from the Pennsylvania Abolition Society. This petition asked Congress to use its power to make both slavery and slave trafficking illegal. The letter made a few more good points: 1) Slavery and slave trade are incompatible with the ideals/values of the American Revolution. 2) Said the Constitution indeed did give power to the Congress to change slavery law because of the

Deception Point Page 40 Free Essays

â€Å"This photo reveals,† Tench said, â€Å"that your candidate is holding secret meetings with an organization that represents private space enterprises.† Tench motioned to several other documents on the table. â€Å"We also have internal SFF memos calling for huge sums of money to be collected from SFF member companies-in amounts commensurate with their net worth-and transferred to accounts controlled by Senator Sexton. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 40 or any similar topic only for you Order Now In effect, these private space agencies are anteing up to put Sexton in office. I can only assume he has agreed to pass the commercialization bill and privatize NASA if elected.† Gabrielle looked at the pile of papers, unconvinced. â€Å"Do you expect me to believe that the White House has evidence that its opponent is engaged in profoundly illegal campaign finance-and yet, for some reason, you are keeping it secret?† â€Å"What would you believe?† Gabrielle glared. â€Å"Frankly, considering your skills for manipulation, a more logical solution seems that you are plying me somehow with phony documents and photos produced by some enterprising White House staffer and his desktop publishing computer.† â€Å"Possible, I admit. But not true.† â€Å"No? Then how did you get all these internal documents from corporations? The resources required to steal all of this evidence from so many companies certainly exceeds the grasp of the White House.† â€Å"You’re right. This information arrived here as an unsolicited gift.† Gabrielle was now lost. â€Å"Oh yes,† Tench said, â€Å"we get a lot of it. The President has many powerful political allies who would like to see him stay in office. Remember, your candidate is suggesting cuts all over the place-a lot of them right here in Washington. Senator Sexton certainly has no qualms about citing the FBI’s bloated budget as an example of government overspending. He’s taken some potshots at the IRS, too. Maybe someone at the bureau or at the service got a little annoyed.† Gabrielle got the implication. People at the FBI and IRS would have ways of getting this kind of information. They might then send it to the White House as an unsolicited favor to help the President’s election. But what Gabrielle could not make herself believe was that Senator Sexton would ever be engaged in illegal campaign funding. â€Å"If this data is accurate,† Gabrielle challenged, â€Å"which I strongly doubt it is, why haven’t you gone public?† â€Å"Why do you think?† â€Å"Because it was gathered illegally.† â€Å"How we got it makes no difference.† â€Å"Of course it makes a difference. It’s inadmissible in a hearing.† â€Å"What hearing? We’d simply leak this to a newspaper, and they’d run it as a ‘credible-source’ story with photos and documentation. Sexton would be guilty until proven innocent. His vocal anti-NASA stance would be virtual proof that he is taking bribes.† Gabrielle knew it was true. â€Å"Fine,† she challenged, â€Å"then why haven’t you leaked the information?† â€Å"Because it’s a negative. The President promised not to go negative in the campaign and he wants to stick to that promise as long as he can.† Yeah, right! â€Å"You’re telling me the President is so upstanding that he refuses to go public with this because people might consider it a negative?† â€Å"It’s a negative for the country. It implicates dozens of private companies, many of which are made up of honest people. It besmirches the office of the U.S. Senate and is bad for the country’s morale. Dishonest politicians hurt all politicians. Americans need to trust their leaders. This would be an ugly investigation and would most likely send a U.S. senator and numerous prominent aerospace executives to jail.† Although Tench’s logic did make sense, Gabrielle still doubted the allegations. â€Å"What does any of this have to do with me?† â€Å"Simply put, Ms. Ashe, if we release these documents, your candidate will be indicted for illegal campaign financing, lose his Senate seat, and most likely do prison time.† Tench paused. â€Å"Unless†¦ â€Å" Gabrielle saw a snakelike glint in the senior adviser’s eyes. â€Å"Unless what?† Tench took a long drag on her cigarette. â€Å"Unless you decide to help us avoid all that.† A murky silence settled over the room. Tench coughed roughly. â€Å"Gabrielle, listen, I decided to share this unfortunate information with you for three reasons. First, to show you Zach Herney is a decent man who considers the government’s well-being before his personal gain. Second, to inform you that your candidate is not as trustworthy as you might think. And third, to persuade you to accept the offer I am about to make.† â€Å"That offer being?† â€Å"I’d like to offer you a chance to do the right thing. The patriotic thing. Whether you know it or not, you’re in a unique position to spare Washington all kinds of unpleasant scandal. If you can do what I am about to ask, perhaps you could even earn yourself a place on the President’s team.† A place on the President’s team? Gabrielle couldn’t believe what she was hearing. â€Å"Ms. Tench, whatever you have in mind, I do not appreciate being black-mailed, coerced, or talked down to. I work for the senator’s campaign because I believe in his politics. And if this is any indication of the way Zach Herney exerts political influence, I have no interest in being associated with him! If you’ve got something on Senator Sexton, then I suggest you leak it to the press. Frankly, I think this whole thing’s a sham.† Tench gave a dreary sigh. â€Å"Gabrielle, your candidate’s illegal funding is a fact. I’m sorry. I know you trust him.† She lowered her voice. â€Å"Look, here’s the point. The President and I will go public with the funding issue if we must, but it will get ugly on a grand scale. This scandal involves several major U.S. corporations breaking the law. A lot of innocent people will pay the price.† She took a long drag and exhaled. â€Å"What the President and I are hoping for here†¦ is some other way to discredit the senator’s ethics. A way that is more contained†¦ one in which no innocent parties get hurt.† Tench set down her cigarette and folded her hands. â€Å"Simply put, we would like you to publicly admit that you had an affair with the senator.† Gabrielle’s entire body went rigid. Tench sounded utterly certain of herself. Impossible, Gabrielle knew. There was no proof. The sex had happened only once, behind locked doors in Sexton’s senatorial office. Tench has nothing. She’s fishing. Gabrielle fought to retain her steady tone. â€Å"You assume a lot, Ms. Tench.† â€Å"Which? That you had an affair? Or that you would abandon your candidate?† â€Å"Both.† Tench gave a curt smile and stood up. â€Å"Well, let’s put one of those facts to rest right now, shall we?† She walked to her wall safe again and returned with a red manila folder. It was stamped with the White House seal. She unhooked the clasp, tipped the envelope over, and dumped the contents out on the desk in front of Gabrielle. As dozens of color photographs spilled out onto the desk, Gabrielle saw her entire career come crashing down before her. 46 Outside the habisphere, the katabatic wind roaring down off the glacier was nothing like the ocean winds Tolland was accustomed to. On the ocean, wind was a function of tides and pressure fronts and came in gusting ebbs and flows. The katabatic, however, was a slave to simple physics-heavy cold air rushing down a glacial incline like a tidal wave. It was the most resolute gale force Tolland had ever experienced. Had it been coming at twenty knots, the katabatic would have been a sailor’s dream, but at its current eighty knots it could quickly become a nightmare even for those on solid ground. Tolland found that if he paused and leaned backward, the stalwart squall could easily prop him up. How to cite Deception Point Page 40, Essay examples

American Decline Causes and Consequences

Question: Discuss about the American Decline for Causes and Consequences. Answer: Introduction: There are several forecasting reports which assume that there will be a sudden and relevant decline in the power and autonomy of the United States in the world. The theorists and forecasters are pointing out several factors which will be the moving force behind this decline in the US world influence. These factors include the decline in the GDP of the country as before 25 years the GDP of the country was very high but in present years the country is continuously experiencing declined GDP. There are few major things which have given flame to such predictions of declining influence of UJS such as holding up of few formidable economic assets, the meltdown and crashing up of the US financial system during the global financial crisis, usage of torture in the war on terror and ill-judged crisis in Iraq. The slow recovery of the countrys financial system has driven the growth of the predictions that the country will soon lose its influence across the globe (Cox, 2012). Earlier the country w as an inspirational model and there were several nations which want to travel on a similar path but presently the rate of admirers have declined. As the model of the country is no longer an inspirational one. The various deficit crisis, debt crisis and bankruptcy of various organizations on a continuous basis are also the factors which are significant causes of power shift. There are other factors such as the labor relations and the structure of the trade union which also have their vital role in the declining influence of the nation. Thus there are several; factors which are predicted as the affecting forces which will have their role in declining the US influence in the world (Chomsky, 2011). Is the decline inevitable? It can be analyzed that the decline is inevitable in nature to some extent. There are several things which can have their support and vital importance in mitigating this decline. They most powerful and strong asset hold by the US economy is its influential and dominant military power and other armed forces. The country spends highest amount of capital over the development of its military and other forces. There is no other country which cam presently is compared with the army army and military power of the US. The huge standing army and extensive blue water navy are the two recognized powerful weapons of the US which rule and influence the world (Cox, 2012). The other factor which contributes that the decline of US influence can be reduced includes the increasing presence of Western culture and Western products in the Asian regions. This depicts that the people of Asian countries are getting fascinated by the Western mores which increases the power of West or the US in the world. Ano ther bigger strength of the US is its innovation. The United States is still among the top ten nations who are famous and recognized for their innovations (Nye Jr, 2010). The continuous innovations and the use of the most techno savvy products and services maintain the influence of the US in the world. Thus it can be said that to some extent it can be said that the decline of the US influence can be reduced and the country can be able to maintain its authoritative position for a longer period of time with its various capabilities, power and possessions (Layne, 2012). Countries likely to challenge US dominance in the near future There are various developing countries which are continuously rising and having their impactful influence in the world. Two such countries which can be seen as future leaders are China and India. There are rapid developments and continuous growth taking place in these nations which can be analyzed with the increasing GDPs of these nations. China with its extensive number of population is making its position in one of the fastest developing nation which is presently giving competition to several developed nations in various sectors. China is striving hard to deliver the most innovative products and services to the world and that to at the most decent and reasonable prices. The larger economies of India and China are very powerful in natures which are evolving with time (Nye Jr, 2010). In the coming few decades these nations will have a major influence in the world because of their increasing capability, growth and rapid development. China has its share of around one-tenth of the total GDP of the world which shows a major contribution in the economic growth at the international level. In the global society, China and India are the two countries which are rapidly becoming the responsible stakeholder with their vast development and contributions at the international level. Thus it can be said China and India have their major role in declining the influence of the US and the challenging the US dominance (Mann, 2012). Business implications of a change to a multipolar world and the restoration of Asias weight in the global economy and world politics Polarity can be understand as the way in which the power and influence is distributed among the global system. Multipolar world is the one in which there are several different powers and no singly nation has its influence or rule in the world. All the nations contribute and have their specific influence in the global functioning. There are few business implications of the rise of multipolar world such as decentralization of the decision making, so that there can b e faster decision making in the companies. Another implication is building of a global talent pool as the organizations are now employing individuals from overseas depending upon their capability and aptitude (Purushottam and Rwelamia, 2011). These business implications are the after effect of the rise of multipolar world. It has been analyzed that the Asian countries are getting high weight and involvement in the global economy as their economic development is one rise. China and India are two such Asian countries which ar e having their higher involvement in the world politics because of their rising economies and growth. These are the Asian countries which are influencing the world and the shift of power is taking place from the developed nations to these Asian developing countries. Thus it can be said that there are several positive business implications such as usage of new and innovative business strategies and global expansion as the change of world economy to a multipolar society (Roberts, 2011). Outline of the most likely scenario for changing role of the United States over the next ten to twenty years There are few most like changes and scenario which will take place in the coming ten to twenty years in context with the US. The competitors or the rivals will be giving a striving and tough competition to the US. There will be more powerful nation which will dominate few areas or sectors where presently the US has its leadership. The influence of US will be completely vanished as there will be other countries which will possess strong economical power and growth which will not give any room for independent autonomy and influence to any single nation (Graham, 2014), Thus the power of the US will drop down and there will be only authoritative position over the domestic regions only instead of global influence. There will be decrease in the percentage of share of the US in the global GDP as in the coming twenty years there will be for sure higher percentage of GDP of other developing nations too. There are few things where the US can maintain its position in the upcoming years i.e. the military power, innovations and high-tech services (National Intelligence Council, 2012). References Chomsky, N., (2011), American Decline: Causes and Consequences, Retrieved on: 9th January, 2017, Retrieved from: https://chomsky.info/20110824/ Cox, M., (2012), Power Shifts, Economic Change and the Decline of the West? International Relations, Sage Publications, Pp.20, Retrieved on: 9th January, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/pdf/COX-Waltz.pdf Graham, D.A., (2014), What Will America Look Like in 2024? Retrieved on: 9th January, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/07/what-americans-expect-over-the-next-10-years-in-tk-charts/373610/ Layne, C. (2012). This time its real: The end of unipolarity and the Pax Americana.International Studies Quarterly,56(1), 203-213. Mann, M. (2012).The sources of social power: Volume 3, global empires and revolution, 1890-1945(Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press. National Intelligence Council, (2012), GLOBAL TRENDS 2030, Pp.166, Retrieved on: 9th January, 2017, Retrieved from: https://globaltrends2030.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/global-trends-2030-november2012.pdf Nye Jr, J. S. (2010). American and Chinese power after the financial crisis.The Washington Quarterly,33(4), 143-153. Nye Jr, J. S. (2010). Futures of American Power-Dominance and Decline in Perspective, The.Foreign Aff.,89, 2. Purushottam, N., and Rwelamia, P.M.D., (2011), Strategies in a Multipolar World: Opportunity for application of project management approaches, Business Studies Journal, 3(1), Pp.9, Retrieved on: 9th January, 2017, Retrieved from: https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/5645/Business%20Studies%20Journal.pdf?sequence=1 Roberts, J. T. (2011). Multipolarity and the new world (dis) order: US hegemonic decline and the fragmentation of the global climate regime.Global environmental change,21(3), 776-784.

Research of Social Sciences

Question: Discuss about theResearch of Social Sciences. Answer: In the article stated by Bryman (2015), discussions have been made regarding the following of ethics and necessary guidelines for research carried out in course of various stages of research. The conformance to the ethical and legal framework is considered crucial in case of research in social science as well as other allied disciplines. The promulgation of ethics is generally done through consensus reached regarding the acceptance and accessibility of a moral code of conduct. Non-abidance of these accepted and existing ethical protocols as lay down by the competent authorities are liable to legal prosecution and appropriate actions may be taken accordingly. The universality associated with ethics is vital for maintaining the moral dictum and therefore must not be breached under any circumstance to mitigate the issue relevant to violation of legal considerations. Principled relativism is another vital consideration for carrying out research in a feasible and credible manner. The outc ome of the research determines the advancement of knowledge through sociological phenomenon. Further ethics seem to be essentially guided by two important principles of deontology and consequential relationship. Efforts must be taken to protect and safeguard the condition of the participants taking part in the research by assessment of the risks and benefits through prudence and pragmatism. The reputation of the participants is kept safe through ethical compliance. Therefore prior to participation in any research study, it is imperative to seek the informed consent of the participant to document their willingness to voluntarily participate in the prospective study. Privacy and confidentiality of the data retrieved from the potential participants are thus carefully kept to avoid leakage of data. Deception in any form must be negated throughout the entire duration of the study and harm to the participants must be prevented on priority basis. Thus no compromise should follow in abiding by the ethical and legal guidelines to carry out the research work competently. All these has been supported in other works as well (Punch 2013). References Bryman, A., 2015.Social research methods. Oxford university press. Punch, K.F., 2013.Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sage.